Evolutionary perspectives on sport and competition

Wiedemann, Diana; Barton, Robert A.; Hill, Russell A.

doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199586073.003.0018

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…We start by presenting an iterated construction of B, which is followed by a discussion on the characteristic polynomial and its Fibonacci index. We show that this construction is related to an open conjecture in finite field theory by Wiedemann [15] (cf. also [16, prob.…”

Section: Explicit Construction Of the Reduced Stabilizer Matrix For Msupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Wiedemann's conjecture. Wiedemann [15] considered iterated quadratic extensions of F 2 using generators x j+1 + x −1 j+1 = x j for j ∈ N 0 and x 0 + x −1 0 = 1; these extensions read E 0 := F 2 (x 0 ), E 1 := E 0 (x 1 ) etc., where E n is isomorphic to F 2 2 n+1 . He then showed that the order of x n divides the n-th Fermat number F n = 2 2 n + 1.…”

Section: Fibonacci Index Of χ B Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cyclic mutually unbiased bases, Fibonacci polynomials and Wiedemann's conjecture

Seyfarth

Ranade

2012

Journal of Mathematical Physics

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We relate the construction of a complete set of cyclic mutually unbiased bases, i.e., mutually unbiased bases generated by a single unitary operator, in power-of-two dimensions to the problem of finding a symmetric matrix over F 2 with an irreducible characteristic polynomial that has a given Fibonacci index. For dimensions of the form 2 2 k , we present a solution that shows an analogy to an open conjecture of Wiedemann in finite field theory. Finally, we discuss the equivalence of mutually unbiased bases. C 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.

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Section: Explicit Construction Of the Reduced Stabilizer Matrix For Msupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Fibonacci Index Of χ B Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclic mutually unbiased bases, Fibonacci polynomials and Wiedemann's conjecture

Seyfarth

Ranade

2012

Journal of Mathematical Physics

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“…Competitors were randomly allocated either blue or red outfits, and contests were more often won by the competitor in red. Similarly in football, the color red is associated with team success as well as success and confidence in penalty-takers and goalkeepers (see Wiedemann et al, 2012 for review). Hill and Barton (2005) attribute success associated with red clothing to either increased confidence of the wearers or reduced confidence in their opponents, due to an evolutionary association between dominance and the color red (Stephen et al, 2012; but see Rowe et al, 2005 for another interpretation).…”

Section: Clothingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution, Appearance, and Occupational Success

Little

Roberts

2012

Evol Psychol

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Visual characteristics, including facial appearance, are thought to play an important role in a variety of judgments and decisions that have real occupational outcomes in many settings. Indeed, there is growing evidence suggesting that appearance influences hiring decisions and even election results. For example, attractive individuals are more likely to be hired, taller men earn more, and the facial appearance of candidates has been linked to real election outcomes. In this article, we review evidence linking physical appearance to occupational success and evaluate the hypothesis that appearance based biases are consistent with predictions based on evolutionary theories of coalition formation and leadership choice. We discuss why appearance based effects are so pervasive, addressing ideas about a "kernel of truth" in attributions and about coalitional psychology. We additionally highlight that appearance may be differently related to success at work according to the types of job or task involved. For example, leaders may be chosen because the characteristics they possess are seen as best suited to lead in particular situations. During a time of war, a dominant-appearing leader may inspire confidence and intimidate enemies while during peace-time, when negotiation and diplomacy are needed, interpersonal skills may outweigh the value of a dominant leader. In line with these ideas, masculine-faced leaders are favored in war-time scenarios while feminine-faced leaders are favored in peace-time scenarios. We suggest that such environment or task specific competencies may be prevalent during selection processes, whereby individuals whose appearance best matches perceived task competences are most likely selected, and propose the general term "task-congruent selection" to describe these effects. Overall, our review highlights how potentially adaptive biases could influence choices in the work place. With respect to certain biases, understanding their origin and current prevalence is important in order to potentially reduce discrimination in the work place.

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“…In birds, red leg bands enhance access to resources in male zebra finches [6], while rhesus macaques avoid red-wearing human experimenters [7]. In humans, several studies have shown that colour stimuli have similar effects on social perception [8,9] and behaviour such as the outcome of physical and virtual contests (see [10] for review). Being associated with or wearing red are also linked to higher heart rate, a greater pre-performance strength and higher testosterone levels [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red clothing increases perceived dominance, aggression and anger

et al. 2015

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The presence and intensity of red coloration correlate with male dominance and testosterone in a variety of animal species, and even artificial red stimuli can influence dominance interactions. In humans, red stimuli are perceived as more threatening and dominant than other colours, and wearing red increases the probability of winning sporting contests. We investigated whether red clothing biases the perception of aggression and dominance outside of competitive settings, and whether red influences decoding of emotional expressions. Participants rated digitally manipulated images of men for aggression and dominance and categorized the emotional state of these stimuli. Men were rated as more aggressive and more dominant when presented in red than when presented in either blue or grey. The effect on perceived aggression was found for male and female raters, but only male raters were sensitive to red as a signal of dominance. In a categorization test, images were significantly more often categorized as 'angry' when presented in the red condition, demonstrating that colour stimuli affect perceptions of emotions. This suggests that the colour red may be a cue used to predict propensity for dominance and aggression in human males.

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Evolutionary perspectives on sport and competition

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Cyclic mutually unbiased bases, Fibonacci polynomials and Wiedemann's conjecture

Cyclic mutually unbiased bases, Fibonacci polynomials and Wiedemann's conjecture

Evolution, Appearance, and Occupational Success

Red clothing increases perceived dominance, aggression and anger

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