The minimum criterion PHS (phylogenetic similarity) ≤ 0.928 (inter genera) for genus classification by CPCG (chloroplast complete genomes) of Fructophyta D.L.Fu & H.Fu is initially proposed. As a result, 34 current synonyms of the genus<i> Phyllostachys</i> Sieb. & Zucc. (Bambusaceae Burnett) have been identified, including <i>Acidosasa </i>C.D.Chu & C.S.Chao, <i>Ampelocalamus </i>S.L.Chen, T.H.Wen & G.Y.Sheng, <i>Arundinaria </i>Michx., <i>Bashania </i>Keng f. & T.P.Yi, <i>Bergbambos </i>Stapleton, <i>Chimonobambusa </i>Makino, <i>Drepanostachyum </i>Keng f., <i>Fargesia </i>Franch., <i>Ferrocalamus </i>Hsueh & P.J.Keng, <i>Gaoligongshania</i> D.Z.Li, Hsueh & N.H.Xia, <i>Gelidocalamus </i>T.H.Wen, <i>Himalayacalamus</i> Keng f., <i>Indocalamus</i> Nakai, <i>Indosasa</i> McClure, <i>Kengiochloa </i>Y.H.Tong & N.H.Xia, <i>Khoonmengia</i> N.H.Xia, Y.H.Tong & X.R.Zheng, <i>Kuruna</i> Attigala, Kathr. & L.G.Clark, <i>Oldeania </i>Stapleton, <i>Oligostachyum</i> Z.P.Wang & G.H.Ye, <i>Pleioblastus</i> Nakai, <i>Pseudosasa </i>Makino ex Nakai, <i>Ravenochloa</i> D.Z.Li & Y.X.Zhang, <i>Sarocalamus</i> Stapleton, <i>Sasa</i> Makino & Shibata, <i>Sasaella</i> Makino, <i>Sasamorpha </i>Nakai, <i>Semiarundinaria</i> Makino ex Nakai, <i>Shibataea</i> Makino ex Nakai, <i>Sinobambusa</i> Makino ex Nakai, <i>Sinosasa</i> L.C.Chia ex N.H.Xia, Q.M.Qin & Y.H.Tong, <i>Thamnocalamus</i> Munro, <i>Tongpeia</i> Stapleton, <i>Vietnamocalamus </i>T.Q.Nguyen and <i>Yushania</i> Keng f.. Additionally, 82 new specific names such as <i>Phyllostachys aristiformis</i> D.L.Fu & H.Fu and <i>Phyllostachys hackelii</i> Ohrnb. ex D.L.Fu, along with 454 new specific combinations like <i>Phyllostachys abietina</i> (T.P.Yi & L.Yang) D.L.Fu and <i>Phyllostachys actinotricha</i> (Merr. & Chun) D.L.Fu have been scientifically and validly published. These publications will effectively resolve taxonomic nomenclature confusion in a scientific manner and establish a solid foundation for evolutionary system research within the family Bambusaceae.