Evolutionary Viewpoint on GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) in Chordata - Amino Acid and Nucleic Acid Sequences

Choi, Donchan

doi:10.12717/dr.2018.22.2.119

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…This discovery was followed by the characterization of three corresponding cDNAs (Gothilf et al, 1996;Chow et al, 1998). It is now widely recognized that while less evolved teleost species such as salmonids and cyprinids possess two Gnrh isoforms, the brain of most teleost species, including Perciformes, Pleuronectiformes and many other fish orders, exhibit three distinct forms of Gnrh (Kah et al, 2007;Zohar et al, 2010;Choi, 2018). Interestingly, three isoforms of Gnrh were found in the superclass Agnatha and also recently across the non-teleost, cartilaginous fish (Gaillard et al, 2018).…”

Section: The Discovery Of Gnrh Isoformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because Gnrh neurons are innervating the pituitary directly, the presence of the Gnrh peptides in the pituitary conveys a strong indication of their hypophysiotropic function. In fish with two Gnrh forms, one Gnrh variant (Gnrh3 in zebrafish, cyprinids and salmonids and Gnrh1 in catfish and eel), which is expressed both in the OB/TN and POA, is the more abundant form in the pituitary and its levels correlate with gonadal development (see for review Goos et al, 1997;Amano et al, 1997;Kah et al, 2007;Choi, 2018). Nevertheless, evidence obtained in several species suggests that OB/TN cells rarely project to the pituitary (Umatani and Oka, 2019).…”

Section: Presence Of Gnrhs In the Pituitary Hypophysiotropic Roles And Functional Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

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The gonadotropin-releasing hormones: Lessons from fish

Muñoz‐Cueto

Zmora

Paullada-Salmerón

et al. 2020

General and Comparative Endocrinology

103

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Fish have been of paramount importance to our understanding of vertebrate comparative neuroendocrinology and the mechanisms underlying the physiology and evolution of gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRH) and their genes. This review integrates past and recent knowledge on the Gnrh system in the fish model. Multiple Gnrh isoforms (two or three forms) are present in all teleosts, as well as multiple Gnrh receptors (up to five types), which differ in neuroanatomical localization, pattern of projections, ontogeny and functions. The role of the different Gnrh forms in reproduction seems to also differ in teleost models possessing two versus three Gnrh forms, Gnrh3 being the main hypophysiotropic hormone in the former and Gnrh1 in the latter. Functions of the non-hypothalamic Gnrh isoforms are still unclear, although under suboptimal physiological conditions (e.g. fasting), Gnrh2 may increase in the pituitary to ensure the integrity of reproduction under these conditions. Recent developments in transgenesis and mutagenesis in fish models have permitted the generation of fish lines expressing fluorophores in Gnrh neurons and to elucidate the dynamics of the elaborate innervations of the different neuronal populations, thus enabling a more accurate delineation of their reproductive roles and regulations. Moreover, in combination with neuronal electrophysiology, these lines have clarified the Gnrh mode of actions in modulating Lh and Fsh activities. While loss of function and genome editing studies had the premise to elucidate the exact roles of the multiple Gnrhs in reproduction and other processes, they have instead evoked an ongoing debate about these roles and opened new avenues of research that will no doubt lead to new discoveries regarding the not-yet-fully-understood Gnrh system.

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Section: The Discovery Of Gnrh Isoformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Presence Of Gnrhs In the Pituitary Hypophysiotropic Roles And Functional Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

The gonadotropin-releasing hormones: Lessons from fish

Muñoz‐Cueto

Zmora

Paullada-Salmerón

et al. 2020

General and Comparative Endocrinology

103

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“…The success in resolving the spawning bottleneck in aquaculture led us all back to the bench, trying to better understand why the endogenous GnRH 'malfunctions' in the captive broodstock of many species. While I cannot say that we have answered that question, we have certainly learned a great deal about the very unique fish GnRH system (reviewed by Kah et al, 2007;Kah and Dufour, 2011;Zohar et al, 2010;Chang and Pemberton, 2018;Choi 2018;Kah, 2020;Munoz-Cueto et al, 2001). Following the above-mentioned discovery of sGnRH in salmonids and many other species of fish, a second form of GnRH was found to be present in fish brains, the ubiquitous chicken (c) GnRH-II (as it was referred to at the time) (Amano et al, 1991).…”

Section: Back To the Gnrh Benchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The OB/TN GnRH3 has been implicated in transducing external cues, such as olfaction and social information (pheromones) to reproductive processes (Ueda et al, 2016;Munoz-Cueto 2020). Additionally, the multiplicity of GnRHs across fish and vertebrate species has raised many interesting evolutionary questions that were addressed by several excellent reviews (Okubo and Nagahama, 2008;Kah et al, 2007;Roch et al, 2011Roch et al, , 2014Lovejoy et al, 2018;Choi 2018;Umatani and Oka, 2019;Dufour et al, 2020;Kah, 2020;Munoz-Cueto et al, 2001;Trudeau and Somoza, 2020).…”

Section: Back To the Gnrh Benchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish reproductive biology – Reflecting on five decades of fundamental and translational research

Zohar

2021

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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Driven by the broad diversity of species and physiologies and by reproduction-related bottlenecks in aquaculture, the field of fish reproductive biology has rapidly grown over the last five decades. This review provides my perspective on the field during this period, integrating fundamental and applied developments and milestones. Our basic understanding of the brain-pituitary-gonadal axis led to overcoming the failure of farmed fish to ovulate and spawn in captivity, allowing us to close the fish life cycle and establish a predictable, year-round production of eggs. Dissecting the molecular and hormonal mechanisms associated with sex determination and differentiation drove technologies for producing better performing mono-sex and reproductively-sterile fish. The growing contingent of passionate fish biologists, together with the availability of innovative platforms such as transgenesis and gene editing, as well as new models such as the zebrafish and medaka, have generated many discoveries, also leading to new insights of reproductive biology in higher vertebrates including humans. Consequently, fish have now been widely accepted as vertebrate reproductive models. Perhaps the best testament of the progress in our discipline is demonstrated at the International Symposia on Reproductive Physiology of Fish (ISRPF), at which our scientific family has convened every four years since the grandfather of the field, the late Ronald Billard, organized the inaugural 1977 meeting in Paimpont, France. As the one person who has been fortunate enough to attend all of these meetings since their inception, I have witnessed first-hand the astounding evolution of our field as we capitalized on the molecular and biotechnological revolutions in the life sciences, which enabled us to provide a higher resolution of fish reproductive and endocrine processes, answer more questions, and dive into deeper comprehension. Undoubtedly, the next (five) decades will be similarly exciting as we continue to integrate physiology with genomics, basic and translational research, and the small fish models with the aquacultured species.

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“…However, the molecular mechanisms that link the 3 isoforms of GnRH with reproduction in fish are not well clarified 62 .Mammals only possess GnRH1 and GnRH2, while teleost fish have two or all three types of GnRH 41 . Most teleost fish, including Perciformes and Pleuronectiformes, present all three GnRH isoforms 36,55,57,63 .…”

Section: Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone (Gnrh)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal and neuroendocrine control of reproductive function in teleost fish.

Gabilondo

Hernández

Rodríguez

2021

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Reproduction is one of the important physiological events for the maintenance of the species. Hormonal and neuroendocrine regulation of teleost requires multiple and complex interactions along the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis. Within this axis, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) regulates the synthesis and release of gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). Steroidogenesis drives reproduction function in which the development and differentiation of gonads. In recent years, new neuropeptides have become the focus of reproductive physiology research as they are involved in the different regulatory mechanisms of these species' growth, metabolism, and reproduction. However, especially in fish, the role of these neuropeptides in the control of reproductive function is not well studied. The study of hormonal and neuroendocrine events that regulate reproduction is crucial for the development and success of aquaculture.

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Evolutionary Viewpoint on GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) in Chordata - Amino Acid and Nucleic Acid Sequences

Cited by 15 publications

References 53 publications

The gonadotropin-releasing hormones: Lessons from fish

The gonadotropin-releasing hormones: Lessons from fish

Fish reproductive biology – Reflecting on five decades of fundamental and translational research

Hormonal and neuroendocrine control of reproductive function in teleost fish.

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