Evolutions in machine learning technology for financial distress prediction: A comprehensive review and comparative analysis

Abstract

In recent years, financial distress prediction (FDP), also known as corporate failure prediction or bankruptcy prediction, has gained significant importance due to its impact on organizations, especially during unexpected events like pandemics and wars. Machine learning (ML) models have emerged as innovative and essential tools in predicting financial distress, leveraging the ever‐increasing volume of databases and computing power. This study utilizes bibliographic techniques to contribute to the field's literature review to address the disorganized nature of the existing literature on FDP, reduce confusion, and provide clarity to domain researchers. These techniques enable identifying the progress of articles published over the years, influential authors, and highly cited articles. Additionally, the study examines crucial aspects of data preprocessing, such as missing data, imbalanced data, feature selection, and outliers, as they significantly impact the robustness and performance of ML models. Furthermore, it discusses essential models employed in FDP, focusing on recent advancements that represent promising trends. In conclusion, this study contributes to the field by uncovering novel trends and proposing possible directions for advancing FDP research. These findings will guide researchers, practitioners, and stakeholders in their quest for improved prediction and decision‐making in financial distress.