Evolvability and constraint in the evolution of three‐dimensional flower morphology

Opedal, Øystein H.; Hildesheim, Laura; Armbruster, W. Scott

doi:10.1002/ajb2.16092

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Conflicting selection through the male and female sexual functions of hermaphroditic plants can provide an explanation for the phenotypic ‘maladaptation’ often observed in plant populations (Armbruster et al ., 2009; Brady et al ., 2019; Opedal et al ., 2022). However, our results illustrate that patterns of selection are not necessarily different between the sexes, despite the expected greater variance in male than female fitness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexually concordant selection on floral traits despite greater opportunity for selection through male fitness

Hou,

Opedal,

Zhao

2023

New Phytologist

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Summary Pollinators are important drivers of floral trait evolution, yet plant populations are not always perfectly adapted to their pollinators. Such apparent maladaptation may result from conflicting selection through male and female sexual functions in hermaphrodites. We studied sex‐specific mating patterns and phenotypic selection on floral traits in Aconitum gymnandrum. After genotyping 1786 offspring, we partitioned individual fitness into sex‐specific selfed and outcrossed components and estimated phenotypic selection acting through each. Relative fitness increased with increasing mate number, and more so for male function. This led to greater opportunity for selection through outcrossed male fitness, though patterns of phenotypic selection on floral traits tended to be similar, and with better support for selection through female rather than male fitness components. We detected directional selection through one or more fitness component for larger flower number, larger flowers, and more negative nectar gradients within inflorescences. Our results are consistent with Bateman's principles for sex‐specific mating patterns and illustrate that, despite the expected difference in opportunity for selection, patterns of variation in selection across traits can be rather similar for the male and female sexual functions. These results shed new light on the effect of sexual selection on the evolution of floral traits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexually concordant selection on floral traits despite greater opportunity for selection through male fitness

Hou,

Opedal,

Zhao

2023

New Phytologist

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“…They concluded that herkogamy can rapidly evolve in response to environmental changes, suggesting that variation in herkogamy in related species and populations may result from variation in pollinator communities and other selective factors. More recent work (Opedal et al 2022) suggests that the evolvability of certain floral traits varies throughout phenotypic space and that particular trait combinations may be subject to strong genetic constraints that stall evolution towards optimum self-pollination rates. This work on the potential genetic constraints of functionally interactive floral traits (Opedal et al 2022) reinforces herkogamy's high level of independent evolutionary potential.…”

Section: Function and Evolution Of Herkogamymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recent work (Opedal et al 2022) suggests that the evolvability of certain floral traits varies throughout phenotypic space and that particular trait combinations may be subject to strong genetic constraints that stall evolution towards optimum self-pollination rates. This work on the potential genetic constraints of functionally interactive floral traits (Opedal et al 2022) reinforces herkogamy's high level of independent evolutionary potential.…”

Section: Function and Evolution Of Herkogamymentioning

confidence: 99%

The genetic control of herkogamy

Boucher,

Ireland,

Wang

et al. 2024

Funct. Plant Biol.

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Herkogamy is the spatial separation of anthers and stigmas within complete flowers, and is a key floral trait that promotes outcrossing in many angiosperms. The degree of separation between pollen-producing anthers and receptive stigmas has been shown to influence rates of self-pollination amongst plants, with a reduction in herkogamy increasing rates of successful selfing in self-compatible species. Self-pollination is becoming a critical issue in horticultural crops grown in environments where biotic pollinators are limited, absent, or difficult to utilise. In these cases, poor pollination results in reduced yield and misshapen fruit. Whilst there is a growing body of work elucidating the genetic basis of floral organ development, the genetic and environmental control points regulating herkogamy are poorly understood. A better understanding of the developmental and regulatory pathways involved in establishing varying degrees of herkogamy is needed to provide insights into the production of flowers more adept at selfing to produce consistent, high-quality fruit. This review presents our current understanding of herkogamy from a genetics and hormonal perspective.

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“…Therefore, test of a genetic constraint hypothesis will need to incorporate the amount of evolutionary change and/or time since divergence, as originally proposed (Schluter, 1996;Hunt, 2007;Hansen & Voje, 2011). In this sense, joint examination of evolvability and the amount of phenotypic divergence (Bolstad et al, 2014;Opedal et al, 2022) seems to be a sensible approach. Univariate tests based on the present theories will be one of the possible toolkits for testing genetic constraints.…”

Section: Testing Constraint Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution theories for genetic line of least resistance and evolvability measures

Watanabe

2023

Preprint

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Quantitative genetic theory on multivariate character evolution predicts that a population’s response to directional selection tends to happen around the major axis of the genetic covariance matrixG—the so-called genetic line of least resistance. Inferences on the genetic constraints in this sense have traditionally been made by measuring the angle of deviation of evolutionary trajectories from the major axis, or more recently by calculating the amount of genetic variance—the Hansen–Houle evolvability—available along the trajectories. However, there have not been clear practical guidelines on how these quantities can be interpreted, especially in a high-dimensional space. This study summarizes pertinent distribution theories for relevant quantities, pointing out that they can be written as ratios of quadratic forms in evolutionary trajectory vectors by takingGas a parameter. For example, a beta distribution with appropriate parameters can be used as a null distribution for squared cosine of the angle of deviation from a major axis or subspace. More general cases can be handled with the probability distribution of ratios of quadratic forms in normal variables. Apart from its use in hypothesis-testing, this latter approach could potentially be used as a heuristic tool for looking into various selection scenarios like directional and/or correlated selection as parameterized with mean and covariance of selection gradients.

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Evolvability and constraint in the evolution of three‐dimensional flower morphology

Cited by 12 publications

References 99 publications

Sexually concordant selection on floral traits despite greater opportunity for selection through male fitness

Sexually concordant selection on floral traits despite greater opportunity for selection through male fitness

The genetic control of herkogamy

Distribution theories for genetic line of least resistance and evolvability measures

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