Evolving concepts and use of immunohistochemical biomarkers in flat non-neoplastic urothelial lesions: WHO 2016 classification update with diagnostic algorithm

Sanguedolce, Francesca; Brunelli, Matteo; D'amuri, Alessandro; Calò, Beppe; Mancini, Vito; Carrieri, Giuseppe; Cormio, Luigi

doi:10.1080/1354750x.2018.1428360

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Furthermore, no correlation with clinical outcome was identified [ 89 ]. This is in keeping with the diagnostic role of a strong and diffuse CK20 staining in distinguishing CIS from other flat urothelial lesions [ 90 ].…”

Section: Implementing Molecular Subtyping Of Bladder Cancer In Clinic...supporting

confidence: 80%

Are We Ready to Implement Molecular Subtyping of Bladder Cancer in Clinical Practice? Part 1: General Issues and Marker Expression

Sanguedolce

Zanelli

Palicelli

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Bladder cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease with highly variable clinical and pathological features, and resulting in different outcomes. Such heterogeneity ensues from distinct pathogenetic mechanisms and may consistently affect treatment responses in single patients. Thus, over the last few years, several groups have developed molecular classification schemes for BC, mainly based on their mRNA expression profiles. A “consensus” classification has recently been proposed to combine the published systems, agreeing on a six-cluster scheme with distinct prognostic and predictive features. In order to implement molecular subtyping as a risk-stratification tool in routine practice, immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been explored as a readily accessible, relatively inexpensive, standardized surrogate method, achieving promising results in different clinical settings. The first part of this review deals with the steps resulting in the development of a molecular subtyping of BC, its prognostic and predictive implications, and the main features of immunohistochemical markers used as surrogates to stratify BC into pre-defined molecular clusters.

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Section: Implementing Molecular Subtyping Of Bladder Cancer In Clinic...supporting

confidence: 80%

Are We Ready to Implement Molecular Subtyping of Bladder Cancer in Clinical Practice? Part 1: General Issues and Marker Expression

Sanguedolce

Zanelli

Palicelli

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…The association between HER2 overexpression and grade is confirmed by its detection in bladder CIS with high sensitivity and specificity compared to benign/reactive urothelium to the extent that it can be considered a reliable diagnostic marker in this setting [80][81][82].…”

Section: Association Of Clinical and Pathological Parameters With Hermentioning

confidence: 79%

Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 in Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: Issues in Assessment Methods and Its Role as Prognostic/Predictive Marker and Putative Therapeutic Target: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2018

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Although human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) plays a prognostic and predictive role in breast and gastric cancer, its function in bladder cancer (BC) is still controversial. A comprehensive review of the literature has been carried out. An electronic search of databases from PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar was implemented. The search terms were: “BC,” “bladder carcinoma,” “bladder neoplasm,” “human epidermal growth factor 2,” “HER2,” “HER-2,” “c-erbB-2,” “c-erbB2,” “erbB-2,” “erbB2,” “neu,” “marker,” “biomarker,” and “prognosis”. Results of the review consented to (a) summarize the available data on HER2 a predictor of recurrence and/or progression free survival on univariate and multivariate analysis, (b) explore the related issues in assessing HER2 status on these tumor samples, since they may severely impair its predictive function, and (c) report the state-of-the art of HER2 as a putative therapeutic target in BC and especially non-muscle invasive BC. HER2 stands out for being a prognostic factor as well as a therapeutic target in various cancers. Data from the literature concerning its use in BC provide conflicting results, probably due to the inherent complexity of BC biology. Efforts should be made to establish a suitable tumor-specific scoring system, and to assess single drugs’ efficacy in well-designed clinical trials.

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“…Flat urothelial lesions with atypia encompass a spectrum of pathological entities ranging from non-neoplastic to frankly malignant, including reactive atypia, urothelial dysplasia, and carcinoma in situ (CIS) [ 25 ]. The differential diagnosis among such lesions in the appropriate clinical framework mostly relies on their appearance in light microscopy [ 26 ]; however, even in the context of proper clinical information, the assessment of morphological parameters alone may be not sufficient to distinguish among these lesions, especially between reactive atypia and CIS [ 25 ]. Therefore, in the last few decades, selected immunohistochemical markers have been progressively studied and introduced in the routine pathology practice, including HER2.…”

Section: Her2 Expression In Flat and Inverted Urothelial Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HER2 Expression in Bladder Cancer: A Focused View on Its Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Predictive Role

Sanguedolce

Zanelli

Palicelli

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Bladder cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease from a molecular, morphological, and clinical standpoint. HER2 is a known oncogene involved in bladder carcinogenesis. Assessing HER2 overexpression as a result of its molecular changes in a routine pathology practice using immunohistochemistry might be a useful adjunct in several scenarios, namely (1) to correctly identify flat urothelial lesions and inverted urothelial lesions in the diagnostic setting; (2) to provide prognostic hints in both non-muscle invasive (NMI) and muscle invasive (MI) tumors, thus supplementing risk stratification tools, especially when evaluating higher-risk tumors such as those with variant morphology; (3) to improve antibody panels as a surrogate marker of BC molecular subtyping. Furthermore, the potential of HER2 as a therapeutic target has been only partly explored so far, in light of the ongoing development of novel target therapies.

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Evolving concepts and use of immunohistochemical biomarkers in flat non-neoplastic urothelial lesions: WHO 2016 classification update with diagnostic algorithm

Cited by 8 publications

References 79 publications

Are We Ready to Implement Molecular Subtyping of Bladder Cancer in Clinical Practice? Part 1: General Issues and Marker Expression

Are We Ready to Implement Molecular Subtyping of Bladder Cancer in Clinical Practice? Part 1: General Issues and Marker Expression

Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 in Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: Issues in Assessment Methods and Its Role as Prognostic/Predictive Marker and Putative Therapeutic Target: A Comprehensive Review

HER2 Expression in Bladder Cancer: A Focused View on Its Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Predictive Role

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