Evolving eating disorder psychopathology: Conceptualising
                        muscularity-oriented disordered eating

Murray, Stuart B.; Griffiths, Scott; Mond, Jonathan

doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.168427

Cited by 222 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…To overcome this limitation, we employed a clinical algorithm (Expali), which takes into account the 104 possible combinations of the four main BMI categories (underweight, normal weight, overweight, obese) and the responses to each of the five SCOFF questions, and thus differentiates ED into restrictive, bulimic, hyperphagic and other ED 21. The last category, which includes ED that are less prevalent and less well-known, yet could have equally adverse health and well-being consequences, include night-eating syndrome,39 orthorexia nervosa40 and male-specific muscularity-oriented disordered eating 8. A limitation of the Expali algorithm, however, is the division of ED subtypes into four broad categories.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociodemographic correlates of eating disorder subtypes among men and women in France, with a focus on age

Andreeva

Tavolacci

Galán

et al. 2018

J Epidemiol Community Health

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BackgroundOn the population level, the association of age and other sociodemographic factors with eating disorders (ED) is unclear.MethodsWe used cross-sectional data from the French general population-based NutriNet-Santé e-cohort (n=49 603 adults; 76.3% women; mean age=50.4±14.6 years). ED were evaluated in 2014 with the 5-item SCOFF screening questionnaire and the Expali algorithmic tool. Likely cases of restrictive, bulimic, hyperphagic and other ED were the dependent variables. Age, marital status, education, occupation, physical activity and smoking were the independent variables. Associations were estimated via gender-stratified multivariable polytomous logistic regression.ResultsAmong women, age displayed inverse linear associations with both restrictive and bulimic ED, underscoring 18–25 years as the most vulnerable period (adjusted OR=3.37, 95% CI: 2.24 to 5.08 for restrictive ED; adjusted OR=2.98, 95% CI: 2.37 to 3.74 for bulimic ED, respectively). A similar association was observed in men regarding bulimic ED. In women, age was not associated with hyperphagic ED for which living alone, low education, low physical activity, being a homemaker/disabled/unemployed/retired, a manual worker or a former/current smoker had increased importance. In men, 18–39 years emerged as the least vulnerable period regarding hyperphagic ED (adjusted OR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.56 to 0.99). Across gender, having postsecondary education had significant inverse associations with all except restrictive ED, whereas being a student had a significant positive association with restrictive ED.ConclusionsThe findings support gender-specific associations of age with four ED subtypes and could inform future prevention initiatives targeting specific ED among specific age groups.Trial registration numberNCT03335644; Pre-results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociodemographic correlates of eating disorder subtypes among men and women in France, with a focus on age

Andreeva

Tavolacci

Galán

et al. 2018

J Epidemiol Community Health

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“…In concert with shifting male body ideals that currently emphasize both muscularity and leanness, and reflecting the somewhat mutually exclusive goals of muscular development and a body fat reduction, muscularity-oriented disordered eating may refer to eating behaviors designed to either increase muscularity, or reduce one’s body adiposity, which enhances the visibility of one’s musculature [4]. The ‘bulk and cut’ dietary practice refers to the periodic oscillation in dietary practices, towards either muscular density or muscular leanness related goals, respectively [16].…”

Section: Muscularity-oriented Disordered Eatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This exclusion may have inadvertently facilitated the development of ED diagnostic criteria and treatment approaches that are more oriented towards ED presentations among females [4]. To date, less than 1% of all ED research has focused specifically on presentations among males, and a significant ongoing challenge lies in ascertaining the extent to which clinical and empirical work with male ED patients can extrapolate from empirical studies designed for exclusively females with EDs [4]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Men, Muscles, and Eating Disorders: an Overview of Traditional and Muscularity-Oriented Disordered Eating

Lavender

Brown

Murray

2017

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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237

172

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Purpose of Review There is growing recognition that eating disorder (ED) symptoms, particularly those of a muscularity-oriented nature, are more common in men than previously understood. The purpose of the current review is to describe contemporary directions and implications of research on traditional and muscularity-oriented ED symptoms among males. Recent Findings Evidence indicates that ED symptoms occur in a substantial minority of men. Importantly, recent research has focused on muscularity-oriented body image and disordered eating in males, demonstrating the prevalence, correlates, and consequences of maladaptive muscularity-oriented attitudes and behaviors. A growing number of assessments are available to measure these constructs in males, and preliminary treatment considerations have begun to be addressed in the literature. Summary Research on male EDs and body image is increasingly focusing on muscularity-oriented manifestations. Continued empirical work will be critical to improve our understanding of the onset, maintenance, and treatment of muscularity-oriented disordered eating in males.

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“…4,15 Whether muscularity-oriented disordered concerns and eating behaviors should be considered an eating disorder phenotype is the topic of ongoing research and clinical debate. 18 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male Eating Disorder Symptom Patterns and Health Correlates From 13 to 26 Years of Age

Calzo

Horton

Sonneville

et al. 2016

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psych

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Objective-Research on the manifestations and health correlates of eating disorder symptoms among males is lacking. This study identified patterns of appearance concerns and eating disorder behaviors from adolescence through young adulthood and their health correlates.Method-Participants were 7,067 males from the prospective Growing Up Today Study. Surveys from 1999-2007 (spanning ages 13-26 years) provided repeated measures data on: muscularity and leanness concerns; eating disorder behaviors (purging, overeating, binge eating, use of muscle-building products); and health correlates (obesity, non-marijuana drug use, binge drinking, and depressive symptoms).Results-Latent class analyses of observations at ages 13-15, 16-18, 19-22, and 23-26 identified one large Asymptomatic class and four symptomatic patterns: Body Image Disturbance Correspondence to: Jerel P. Calzo, PhD, Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., AU-Box 17, BCH3189, Boston, MA 02115; jerel.calzo@childrens.harvard.edu. Supplemental material cited in this article is available online.The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of NIH.Drs. Horton, Crosby, Swanson, and Calzo served as the statistical experts for this research.Disclosure: Drs. Calzo, Horton, Sonneville, Swanson, Crosby, Micali, Eddy, and Field report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. (high appearance concerns, low eating disorder behaviors; 1.0%-6.0% per age period); Binge Eating/Purging (binge eating and purging, use of muscle-building products, low appearance concerns; 0.1%-2.5%); Mostly Asymptomatic (low levels of muscularity concern, product use, and overeating; 3.5%-5.0%); and Muscularity Concerns (high muscularity concerns and use of products; 0.6%-1.0%). The Body Image Disturbance class was associated with high estimated prevalence of depressive symptoms. Males in the Binge Eating/Purging and Muscularity Concerns classes had high prevalence of binge drinking and drug use. Despite exhibiting modestly greater appearance concerns and eating disorder behaviors than the Asymptomatic class, being in the Mostly Asymptomatic class was prospectively associated with adverse health outcomes. HHS Public AccessConclusion-Results underscore the importance of measuring concerns about leanness, muscularity, and use of muscle-building products when assessing eating disorder presentations among males in research and clinical settings.

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Evolving eating disorder psychopathology: Conceptualising muscularity-oriented disordered eating

Cited by 222 publications

References 8 publications

Sociodemographic correlates of eating disorder subtypes among men and women in France, with a focus on age

Sociodemographic correlates of eating disorder subtypes among men and women in France, with a focus on age

Men, Muscles, and Eating Disorders: an Overview of Traditional and Muscularity-Oriented Disordered Eating

Male Eating Disorder Symptom Patterns and Health Correlates From 13 to 26 Years of Age

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