“…12 In patients who have large tumors, especially in the body and tail of the pancreas, as well other indications of advanced disease such as weight loss, an elevated level of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), ascites, or equivocal CT findings, a staging laparoscopy can accurately determine metastatic and vascular involvement. 13 CA 19-9 is the only biomarker with demonstrated clinical usefulness and is useful for therapeutic monitoring and early detection of recurrent disease after treatment in patients with known pancreatic cancer. 14e16 However, CA 19-9 is not a specific biomarker for pancreatic cancer; its level may be elevated in other conditions such as cholestasis.…”