Evolving role of biomaterials in diagnostic and therapeutic radiation oncology

With tremendous research advances in biomedical application, liquid metals (LM) also offer fantastic chemistry for synthesis of novel nano-composites. Herein, as a pioneering trial, litchi-shaped heterogeneous eutectic gallium indium-Au nanoparticles (EGaIn-Au NPs), served as effective radiosensitizer and photothermal agent for radio-photothermal cancer therapy, have been successfully prepared using in situ interfacial galvanic replacement reaction. The enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency and boosted radio-sensitization effect could be achieved with the reduction of Au nanodots onto the eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn) NPs surface. Most importantly, the growth of tumor could be effectively inhibited under the combined radio-photothermal therapy mediated by EGaIn-Au NPs. Inspired by this approach, in situ interfacial galvanic replacement reaction may open a novel strategy to fabricate LM-based nano-composite with advanced multi-functionalities.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galvanic replacement reaction for in situ fabrication of litchi-shaped heterogeneous liquid metal-Au nano-composite for radio-photothermal cancer therapy

Guo

Wang

et al. 2021

“…ROS can destroy tumor cells through multifactorial mechanisms, including oxidizing the biological macromolecules, destroying angiogenesis to cut off the supply of nutrients to tumor cells [ 36 , 37 ]. Typically, five therapeutic strategies including radiation therapy [ [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] ], chemodynamic therapy [ [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] ], sonodynamic therapy [ [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] ], bioreductive chemotherapeutics (e.g., tirapazamine, TPZ) [ [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] ], and photodynamic therapy (PDT) [ [55] , [56] , [57] , [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] , [62] ] can generate ROS. Among all these approaches, PDT-based cancer therapies have been extensively exploited.…”

Section: Reactive Oxygen Species-based Antitumor Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoactivatable nanogenerators of reactive species for cancer therapy

Zheng

Jin

Liu

et al. 2021

In recent years, reactive species-based cancer therapies have attracted tremendous attention due to their simplicity, controllability, and effectiveness. Herein, we overviewed the state-of-art advance for photo-controlled generation of highly reactive radical species with nanomaterials for cancer therapy. First, we summarized the most widely explored reactive species, such as singlet oxygen, superoxide radical anion (O 2 ●- ), nitric oxide ( ● NO), carbon monoxide, alkyl radicals, and their corresponding secondary reactive species generated by interaction with other biological molecules. Then, we discussed the generating mechanisms of these highly reactive species stimulated by light irradiation, followed by their anticancer effect, and the synergetic principles with other therapeutic modalities. This review might unveil the advantages of reactive species-based therapeutic methodology and encourage the pre-clinical exploration of reactive species-mediated cancer treatments.

“…In present clinical practices, traditional cancer treatment strategies including chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy have various limitations such as invasiveness, limited treatment efficiency, inevitable toxic effects caused by the lack of tumor specific targeting and risk of tumor recurrence [ [1] , [2] , [3] ]. Hence, it is necessary to exploit original nanomaterials and advanced methods for cancer treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A targeting black phosphorus nanoparticle based immune cells nano-regulator for photodynamic/photothermal and photo-immunotherapy

Zhang¹,

Tang²,

Li³

et al. 2021

154

116

Photo-immunotherapy is a novel therapeutic approach against malignant tumors with minimal invasiveness. Herein, a targeting multifunctional black phosphorus (BP) nanoparticle, modified by PEGylated hyaluronic acid (HA), was designed for photothermal/photodynamic/photo-immunotherapy. In vitro and in vivo assays indicated that HA-BP nanoparticles possess excellent biocompatibility, stability, and sufficient therapeutic efficacy in the combined therapy of photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer therapy. Moreover, the results of in vitro showed that HA-BP down-regulated the expression of CD206 (M2 macrophage marker) by 42.3% and up-regulated the ratio of CD86（M1 macrophage marker）by 59.6%, indicating that HA-BP nanoparticles have functions in remodeling tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) phenotype (from pro-tumor M2 TAMs to anti-tumor M1 macrophages). Fluorescence (FL) and photoacoustic (PA) multimodal imaging confirmed the selective accumulation of HA-BP in tumor site via both CD44 + mediated active targeting and passive EPR effect. In vitro and in vivo studies suggested that the combined therapy of PDT, PTT and immunotherapy using HA-BP could not only significantly inhibit original tumor but also induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) and release Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which could induce maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and activate effector cells that robustly evoke the antitumor immune responses for cancer treatment. This study expands the biomedical application of BP nanoparticles and displays the potential of modified BP as a multifunctional therapeutic platform for the future cancer therapy.