Evolving spectrum of HIV-associated rheumatic syndromes

Abstract

At the end of 2013, 35 million people worldwide were infected with HIV. The prognosis of HIV has been transformed by combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Providing compliance is good, the use of cART has normalised the life expectancy of HIV-infected people leading to a growing population of people with chronic infection. Management of HIV patients has therefore needed to adapt in order to not only control viral activity but also manage long-term complications of HIV and cART. Rheumatological manifestations of HIV were first described in 1989. Since then, there have been case reports, case series and epidemiological studies describing different clinical manifestations of HIV in the musculoskeletal system. This review will encompass musculoskeletal pain, fibromyalgia, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and inflammatory arthritis in HIV. We will aim to report on the prevalence of these conditions and the risk factors, explore the impact of the virus on the clinical presentations and discuss implications for diagnosis and management.

Prevalence of rheumatic manifestations in HIV patients: A cross-sectional study from Manipur, India

“…6 Arthralgia and myalgia have been reported as the most common rheumatic manifestations in both pre-and post-combination antiretroviral therapy eras. 8 Researchers suggest that newer manifestations of rheumatic disease are likely to be described in the future. The present study evaluated the prevalence of rheumatic manifestations in HIV/AIDS patients receiving HAART treatment.…”

Rheumatic Diseases in HIV-Positive Patients in Kara (Togo)

“…The reactive arthritis and arthropathy associated with HIV are classical manifestations among HIV-positive patients [2,3,8,9,18,19]. All the same, the treatment of this inflammatory rheumatism remains a challenge dominated by the interactions between theART and the immunosuppressive treatment [20,21]. Unlike the West, where they appear as frequently associated with HIV and its treatment [22][23][24][25][26], no case of connectivity and vasculitis was found in our study.The rarity of these affections in the black race would be the main reason.…”

Joint damage in hiv positive patients

“…Острая ВИЧ-ассоциированная артралгия (Painful articular syndrome) развивается в 3,3-10% случаев пре-имущественно на поздних стадиях ВИЧ-инфекции [6]. Она характеризуется интенсивной, «истощающей» сустав-ной болью, продолжающейся до 24 ч и купирующейся самостоятельно.…”

“…В популяции США этот показатель составляет 0,25% [6]. В колебании распространенности большую роль играют стадия ВИЧ-инфекции, величина и характер выбор-ки больных, применяемые критерии диагноза и другие особенности.…”