Evolving views of ionic, osmotic and acid–base regulation in aquatic animals

Tresguerres, Martín; Kwan, Garfield T.; Weinrauch, Alyssa M.

doi:10.1242/jeb.245747

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Despite over a century of investigation and many excellent reviews detailing ionic, osmotic, and acid-base regulation (IOA-B) in teleost fish (Claiborne and Heisler, 1984; Cameron, 1989; Claiborne et al, 2002; Evans et al, 2005; Marshall and Grosell, 2006; Tresguerres et al, 2023), only a handful of studies have investigated blood pH and acid-base response to environmental alkalosis (Wilkie and Wood, 1991; Hemming and Hanson, 1992; Wilkie et al, 1993; McGeer and Eddy, 1998; Scott et al, 2005; Mcgeer et al, 2011). When freshwater teleosts are exposed to high pH conditions, there is an immediate increase in blood pH (pH e ) (Wilkie and Wood, 1991; Wilkie et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish Blood Response to Ash-Induced Environmental Alkalinization, and their Implications to Wildfire-Scarred Watersheds

Kwan,

Sanders,

Huang

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Changes in land use, warming climate and increased drought have amplified wildfire frequency and magnitude globally. Ash mixing into aquatic systems after wildfires rapidly increases water pH, creating an additional threat to wildlife, especially species that are already threatened, endangered and/or migratory. Here, Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) yearlings acclimated to 15 or 20°C were exposed to an environmentally relevant concentration of ash (0.25% w/v) which caused water pH to rapidly rise from ∼8.1 to ∼9.2. Mortalities occurred within the first 12 hours, and was higher at the higher temperature (33 versus 20 %). The greatest differences in blood chemistry between the two temperatures were dramatically greater (∼7.5-fold) and very rapid (within 1 hour) spikes in both plasma total ammonia (to ∼1200 µM) and lactate (to ∼6 mM) in warm-acclimated salmon, whereas cold-acclimated salmon experienced a much smaller and gradual rise in plasma total ammonia. Salmon at both temperatures experienced extracellular and intracellular alkalosis within 1 hour that recovered within 24 hours, but the alkalosis was smaller in magnitude in fish at warmer temperature. Impacts on plasma ion concentrations were relatively mild and plasma glucose increased by 2- to 4-fold at both temperatures. Notably, the increase in plasma total ammonia in fish at the warmer temperature was far faster and much greater than those reported in previous studies exposing fish despite higher water pH (9.4-10.5) induced without using ash. This suggests that ash has physiological impacts that cannot be explained by high water pH alone which may relate to the complex mixture of metals and organic compounds also released from ash. This demonstrates post-wildfire ash input can induce lethal yet previously unexplored physiological disturbances in fish and highlights the complex interaction with warmer temperatures typical of wildfire-scarred landscapes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish Blood Response to Ash-Induced Environmental Alkalinization, and their Implications to Wildfire-Scarred Watersheds

Kwan,

Sanders,

Huang

et al. 2024

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…In addition to NKA and NHE3, the V-type H + -ATPase (VHA) has been proposed to excrete H + to compensate a blood acidosis in marine fishes, as it is the case in freshwater fishes (Tresguerres et al, 2023). Although VHA mRNA abundance was upregulated in some cases during exposure to ERH, there was little correlation between VHA mRNA expression and protein abundance (Allmon and Esbaugh, 2017; Michael et al, 2016) and VHA was not observed in the apical membrane of gill cells (Allmon and Esbaugh, 2017), where it would be expected to be found should it play a role in H + excretion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One is the archetypical NKA-rich ionocyte, which additionally expressed VHA throughout its cytoplasm. The other one has abundant VHA in its basolateral membrane, does not express detectable NKA, and its function is still unclear (Tresguerres et al, 2023). We also reported that these fish were able to fully regulate blood pH upon exposure to ERH (1,600 μatm p CO 2 , pH ∼7.5, for three days) and identified the physiological mechanism that links blood and endolymph acid-base regulation with otolith overgrowth (Kwan and Tresguerres, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gill ionocyte remodeling mediates blood pH regulation in rockfish (Sebastes diploproa) exposed to environmentally relevant hypercapnia

Kwan,

Clifford,

Prime

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Marine fishes excrete excess H+ using basolateral Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) and apical Na+/H+-exchanger 3 (NHE3) in gill ionocytes. However, the mechanisms that regulate H+ excretion during exposure to environmentally relevant hypercapnia (ERH) remain poorly understood. Here, we explored transcriptomic, proteomic, and cellular responses in gills of juvenile splitnose rockfish (Sebastes diploproa) exposed to three days of ERH conditions (pH ~7.5; ~1,600 μatm pCO2). Blood pH was fully regulated at ~7.75 despite a lack of significant changes in gill (1) mRNAs coding for proteins involved in blood acid-base regulation, (2) total NKA and NHE3 protein abundance, and (3) ionocyte density. However, ERH-exposed rockfish demonstrated increased NKA and NHE3 abundance on the ionocyte plasma membrane coupled with wider apical membranes and greater extension of apical microvilli. The observed gill ionocyte remodeling is consistent with enhanced H+ excretion that maintains blood pH homeostasis during exposure to ERH and does not necessitate changes at the expression or translation levels. These mechanisms of phenotypic plasticity may allow fishes to regulate blood pH during environmentally relevant acid-base challenges, and thus have important implications for both understanding how organisms respond to climate change and for selecting appropriate metrics to evaluate its impact on marine ecosystems.

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Structure and function of the larval teleost fish gill

Pan

2024

J Comp Physiol B

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Evolving views of ionic, osmotic and acid–base regulation in aquatic animals

Cited by 8 publications

References 232 publications

Fish Blood Response to Ash-Induced Environmental Alkalinization, and their Implications to Wildfire-Scarred Watersheds

Fish Blood Response to Ash-Induced Environmental Alkalinization, and their Implications to Wildfire-Scarred Watersheds

Gill ionocyte remodeling mediates blood pH regulation in rockfish (Sebastes diploproa) exposed to environmentally relevant hypercapnia

Structure and function of the larval teleost fish gill

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