Ex-ante assessment of costs for reducing nitrate leaching from agriculture-dominated regions

An Exploration of Scenarios to Support Sustainable Land Management Using Integrated Environmental Socio-economic Models

“…Environmental conditions may play an important role in the adoption processes of SLM measures, as demonstrated by the very high uptake of no-till systems in sloping olive groves in Southern Spain where tillage is expensive (Franco and Calatrava 2012). With these challenges in mind, an integrated ex-ante evaluation of potential technologies could serve as an important tool for examining the likely implications of implementing these technologies, hence providing hints on those that are promising from a holistic perspective (Jansen et al 1999;Blazy et al 2010;Sirrine et al 2010). We regard such evaluation processes as important in enabling land users to consider the implications of technologies based on scientific prediction alongside other factors influencing their preferences in selecting technologies.…”

Experimental Investigation for Nitrate Reduction Using Iron Powder in Porous Media

“…In general, nitrate can readily be transported beneath the soil zone without ion exchange or adsorption to soil surface. Therefore, high concentration of nitrates can be found in shallow groundwater systems, especially in sandy aquifers [4], [5]. There has been developed many processes for removing nitrate from water, including biological denitrification, separation with ion exchange or reverse osmosis and reduction by chemical reductants [6].…”

Using critical source areas for targeting cost‐effective best management practices to mitigate phosphorus and sediment transfer at the watershed scale

“…9 Implementation costs for particular BMPs are equally important for regulators, as they usually 10 want to mitigate pollution at least cost. Therefore, comparison of candidate BMPs on cost-11 effectiveness criteria should be an important step in the development of any agri- 12 environmental scheme so that a trade off between economic optimization and groundwater 13 loadings can be arrived at (Lee, 1999). Heilman et al (1997) suggested that voluntary 14 programmes to improve the quality of water affected by agriculture should target the farms 15 that have an economic incentive to adopt management systems with water quality benefits.…”

“…Lake Vico -general characteristics and selection of BMPs 13 The first study area chosen was the Lake Vico catchment, an igneous rock basin (40.8 km 2 implementation costs that are targeted only at one farm, BMP 2b was calculated using the 11 assumption that implementation costs were applied uniformly to all farms in the catchment. 12 These measures have been chosen because they are able to reduce erosion and associated was applied under assuming the "worst case", i.e.…”

“…all arable land was assumed to be in freshly 11 prepared seedbed conditions. This assumption allowed routing of the water flowing between 12 critical source areas and the water body, and identification of those areas that are most likely 13 to deliver sediment to the water body. The identified areas were ranked according to their 14 contribution to sediment delivery and simulations of the BMPs effectiveness were performed 15 by increasing the area of BMP implementation according to this ranking, i.e.…”