Ex situ ampelographical characterisation of wildVitis viniferafrom fifty-one Spanish populations

Abstract

Background and Aims: Wild grapevine, considered the ancestor relative of cultivated vines, has a large gene pool that is currently endangered in Europe. These plants can contribute to improving adaptation capacity to stresses due to climate change. The aim of this study was to evaluate the key ampelographic traits to identify true wild individuals supporting the preservation and use of wild populations. Methods and Results: Prospections performed since 2002 enabled the inventory of 51 localities with wild grapevines, most of which were located along Spanish riverbank forests. A morphological study of 192 individuals grafted in the grapevine collection of El Encín (Alcalá de Henares, Spain) was carried out ex situ, and results were compared with data from 182 Spanish commercial cultivars grown in the same collection. Wild individuals presented morphological differences with cultivars, but only a few significant differences were found within wild individuals when comparing their geographic origin and plant sex. Ten morphological traits were relevant to discriminate wild and cultivated specimens. Conclusions: Ampelography, supported by previous molecular screening, is recommended to identify wild grape plants, although it is not advisable to establish relationships among wild genotypes by geographical location or gender. Significance of the Study: Results are expected to contribute to improved discovery, preservation and use of this important phytogenetic resource.

Genetic diversity analysis of cultivated and wild grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) accessions around the Mediterranean basin and Central Asia

“…However, the Armenian, and Azerbaijan populations had a higher proportion of male plants. Heterogeneous plant sex distribution was also observed in earlier study of Spanish sylvestris samples [ 49 ] with a majority of the plants being male.…”

“…The search for wild accessions was focused on collecting dioecious individuals because most cultivated genotypes are hermaphrodites. Flower phenotype data from the wild samples from Spain and Italy were recorded in the field and previously reported by Benito et al [ 49 ] and Biagini et al [ 28 , 50 ]. The sylvestris samples from France, Georgia (University of Milan repository) and Croatia were collected from natural habitats and flower phenotypes were recorded based on the presence of fruit (female) and flower rachis without fruit (male) during collection.…”

Genetical, Morphological and Physicochemical Characterization of the Autochthonous Cultivar ‘Uva Rey’ (Vitis vinifera L.)

“…For the morphological analysis, Benito et al [39] criterion was followed. A total of 10 young shoots, young and mature leaves, flowers, bunches and berries from each accession were analysed using 34 descriptors from the Organisation Internationale de la Vigne et du Vin descriptor list [40].…”

Identification and Characterization of White Grape Varieties Autochthonous of a Warm Climate Region (Andalusia, Spain)

“…However, the concentration of both cations is highly influenced by the geographical area of origin of the grapes and the composition of soil [54]. Finally, sodium content is significantly below the limit established by the OIV, and this cation does not pose a problem for wine production or consumption [28].…”

“…Three autochthonous varieties (Cañocazo (CÑ), Castellano (CS), and Mantúo de Pilas (MP)), and the control variety Palomino Fino (PF) were characterized ampelographically. At least ten young shoots, young and mature leaves, flowers, bunches, and berries from each variety were described using Benito et al [28] criteria, and 36 descriptors, according to the International Organization of Vine and Wine's descriptor list [16] (14 priority descriptors for primary descriptions plus 22 additional descriptors). Eight of those descriptors correspond to the branches, 19 to the leaves, one to the inflorescence, four to the bunches, and four to the berries.…”