“…As widely used compounds, PAEs are ubiquitous in terrestrial, marine and atmospheric environments (Xie et al, 2007;Fu et al, 2013;Dargnat et al, 2009;Gao et al, 2014;Staples et al, 1997;Net et al, 2014;2015a-b;Wang et al, 2014). PAEs have been detected in surface seawater (Turner and Rawling, 2000;Horn et al, 2004;Brossa et al, 2005), in indoor air (Becker et al, 2004), in urban environments in soils (Ferreira and Morita, 2012), in urban lakes (Zeng et al, 2008), in drinking water (Yang et al, 2014), in terrestrial and marine remote aerosols (Xie et al, 2006(Xie et al, , 2007Fu et al, 2008Fu et al, , 2009Fu et al, , 2013, and in marine sediment, as well as in biota, including several aquatic species (Wofford et al, 1981), algae (Gao and Chi, 2015), and the tissues of mammals (Staples et al, 1997) and humans (Liou et al, 2014). PAEs can be degraded by some microalgal species (Gao and Chi, 2015), fish and shellfish (Munshi et al, 2013), bacteria (Chang et al, 2004) and intracellular and extracellular algal enzymes (Gao and Chi, 2015) as well as by the combined action of UV and H 2 O 2 (Xu et al, 2007).…”