Ex situ synthesis of high-refractive-index polyimide hybrid films containing TiO2 chelated by 4-aminobenzoic acid

Liu, Bo‐Tau; Li, Pei-Shan; Chen, Wen‐Chang; Yu, Yang‐Yen

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.10.028

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The coating has excellent scratch resistance and high hardness. Liu et al [10] prepared a composite optical film using methyl methacrylate and titanium dioxide by organic-inorganic synchronous polymerization. The result showed that the hybrid film had good mechanical properties, surface smoothness and high refractive index.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Surface-Modified Nano Zinc Sulfide/Polyurethane Inorganic-Organic Transparent Coating and Its Application in Resin Lens

Ding

Zhang

et al. 2021

Coatings

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The surface modified hydrophilic zinc sulfide nano powder was prepared by hydrothermal method, and the corresponding zinc sulfide/polyurethane organic-inorganic composite transparent coating via in-situ polymerization. The structure of ZnS Nanoparticles and organic-inorganic composite coating were characterized by Infrared Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, Laser Particle Size Analyzer and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The optical properties were measured by Ultraviolet-Visible spectrophotometer and ellipsometry. The results show that the monodisperse hydrophilic nano zinc sulfide powder with a particle size of about 70 nm can be obtained by thioglycolic acid (TGA) modification, which has good compatibility with waterborne polyurethane. Nano zinc sulfide increased the refractive index of the coating significantly and the refractive index of the coatings could be controlled in the region of 1.46–1.71 organic-inorganic composite coating by adding ZnS. When the amount of nano ZnS added was 30%, the refractive index of the hybrid coating can reach 1.71, and the transmittance was more than 90%. The cured coatings were smooth and no agglomeration between nano ZnS particles could be found. After application on the surfaces of resin lens, the coatings presented better impact resistance, which indicated that the coating has application prospects in the field of fine processing of lens’ surfaces.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Surface-Modified Nano Zinc Sulfide/Polyurethane Inorganic-Organic Transparent Coating and Its Application in Resin Lens

Ding

Zhang

et al. 2021

Coatings

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“…Although polymers have been widely used as optical materials because of their transparency, light weight, excellent formability, and low cost, their applications in optical materials requiring high refractive indices have been limited because common optical polymers such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and epoxy resin have a restricted range of refractive indices of from 1.3 to 1.7 . Organic–inorganic hybrids bearing inorganic nanoparticles with high refractive indices (TiO 2 nanoparticles (refractive indices of 2.5–2.7), for example) have therefore attracted attention for their ability to overcome the limitations on the refractive indices of common polymers. − Although optical polymers with refractive indices enhanced by molecular design have been recently developed, demand remains for improvement of optical properties using commercially available polymers by incorporating nanoparticles for various industrial applications, including optical waveguides, lenses, antireflective coatings, , and LED encapsulations. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, it is necessary to disperse nanoparticles whose sizes are below 40 nm in polymer matrices to obtain transparent hybrids . Several approaches to producing transparent hybrids with high refractive indices involving the in situ particle formation method, ,,,− ex situ blending method, ,,,,− and in situ polymerization method ,, have been reported. Using these methods, transparent polymer-based hybrids containing inorganic nanoparticles were successfully prepared for use in thin hybrid films.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Transparent Bulk TiO₂/PMMA Hybrids with Improved Refractive Indices via an in Situ Polymerization Process Using TiO₂ Nanoparticles Bearing PMMA Chains Grown by Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

Maeda

Fujita

Idota

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Transparent TiO/PMMA hybrids with a thickness of 5 mm and improved refractive indices were prepared by in situ polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in the presence of TiO nanoparticles bearing poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) chains grown using surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP), and the effect of the chain length of modified PMMA on the dispersibility of modified TiO nanoparticles in the bulk hybrids was investigated. The surfaces of TiO nanoparticles were modified with both m-(chloromethyl)phenylmethanoyloxymethylphosphonic acid bearing a terminal ATRP initiator and isodecyl phosphate with a high affinity for common organic solvents, leading to sufficient dispersibility of the surface-modified particles in toluene. Subsequently, SI-ATRP of MMA was achieved from the modified surfaces of the TiO nanoparticles without aggregation of the nanoparticles in toluene. The molecular weights of the PMMA chains cleaved from the modified TiO nanoparticles increased with increases in the prolonging of the polymerization period, and these exhibited a narrow distribution, indicating chain growth controlled by SI-ATRP. The nanoparticles bearing PMMA chains were well-dispersed in MMA regardless of the polymerization period. Bulk PMMA hybrids containing modified TiO nanoparticles with a thickness of 5 mm were prepared by in situ polymerization of the MMA dispersion. The transparency of the hybrids depended significantly on the chain length of the modified PMMA on the nanoparticles, because the modified PMMA of low molecular weight induced aggregation of the TiO nanoparticles during the in situ polymerization process. The refractive indices of the bulk hybrids could be controlled by adjusting the TiO content and could be increased up to 1.566 for 6.3 vol % TiO content (1.492 for pristine PMMA).

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“…Although much research [16,17] has been done on the hardening coatings, there are still many disadvantages, such as the adhesion of the hard coating to the resin lens substrate is low [18], the refractive index of the coating is not adjustable [19], and the storage stability of the sol system is poor. In this paper, the precursor gel particles were prepared by controlling the hydrolysis conditions using titanium isopropoxide and tetrabutyl silicate as precursors, and then tetraisopropyl bi (dioctylphosphate) titanate (UP-401) and γ-(2,3glycidoxy) propyltrimethoxysilane (KH-560) were added to prepare an organic-inorganic composite hard coating solution [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Optical Application of SiO2-TiO2 Composite Hardening Coatings with Controllable Refractive Index by Synchronous Polymerization

Cai

Zhang

et al. 2021

Coatings

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The homogeneous SiO2-TiO2 composite sols were prepared by organic-inorganic synchronous polymerization with titanium isopropoxide and tetrabutyl silicate as precursor. The organic-inorganic composite hard coating with Si-O-Ti as the framework was prepared by adding compound crosslinkers (up-401) and 3-Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH-560). The structure of the coating and the hardened film were characterized by infrared spectrum, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, particle size analyzer and thermogravimetry. The refractive index, transmittance and hardness of the hardened film were measured by ellipsometry, UV-Vis spectrophotometer and hardness tester. By adjusting the ratio of Si/Ti and optimizing the reaction conditions, the hardness of the hardened film could reach 6H, and the refractive index could be adjusted from 1.55 to 1.76. At the same time, the application of hard coatings on the surface of optical lens were studied.

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Ex situ synthesis of high-refractive-index polyimide hybrid films containing TiO2 chelated by 4-aminobenzoic acid

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Preparation of Surface-Modified Nano Zinc Sulfide/Polyurethane Inorganic-Organic Transparent Coating and Its Application in Resin Lens

Preparation of Surface-Modified Nano Zinc Sulfide/Polyurethane Inorganic-Organic Transparent Coating and Its Application in Resin Lens

Preparation of Transparent Bulk TiO₂/PMMA Hybrids with Improved Refractive Indices via an in Situ Polymerization Process Using TiO₂ Nanoparticles Bearing PMMA Chains Grown by Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

Preparation and Optical Application of SiO2-TiO2 Composite Hardening Coatings with Controllable Refractive Index by Synchronous Polymerization

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Ex situ synthesis of high-refractive-index polyimide hybrid films containing TiO2 chelated by 4-aminobenzoic acid

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Preparation of Surface-Modified Nano Zinc Sulfide/Polyurethane Inorganic-Organic Transparent Coating and Its Application in Resin Lens

Preparation of Surface-Modified Nano Zinc Sulfide/Polyurethane Inorganic-Organic Transparent Coating and Its Application in Resin Lens

Preparation of Transparent Bulk TiO2/PMMA Hybrids with Improved Refractive Indices via an in Situ Polymerization Process Using TiO2 Nanoparticles Bearing PMMA Chains Grown by Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

Preparation and Optical Application of SiO2-TiO2 Composite Hardening Coatings with Controllable Refractive Index by Synchronous Polymerization

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Preparation of Transparent Bulk TiO₂/PMMA Hybrids with Improved Refractive Indices via an in Situ Polymerization Process Using TiO₂ Nanoparticles Bearing PMMA Chains Grown by Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization