Ex Vivo and In Vivo Fluorescence Detection and Imaging of Adenosine Triphosphate

Abstract

BackgroundEx vivo and in vivo detection and imaging of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is critically important for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, which still remains challenges up to present.ResultsWe herein demonstrate that ATP could be fluorescently detected and imaged ex vivo and in vivo. In particular, we fabricate a kind of fluorescent ATP probes, which are made of titanium carbide (TC) nanosheets modified with the ROX-tagged ATP-aptamer (TC/Apt). In the constructed TC/Apt, TC shows superior quenching efficiency against ROX (e.g., ~97%). While in the presence of ATP, ROX-tagged aptamer is released from TC surface, leading to the recovery of fluorescence of ROX under the 545-nm excitation. Consequently, a wide dynamic range from 1 μM to 1.5 mM ATP and a high sensitivity with a limit of detection (LOD) down to 0.2 μM ATP can be readily achieved by the prepared TC/Apt. We further demonstrate that the as-prepared TC/Apt probe is feasible for accurate discrimination of ATP in different samples including living cells, body fluids (e.g., mouse serum, rat urine, and human serum) and mouse tumor models.ConclusionsFluorescence detection and imaging of ATP could be readily achieved in living cells, body fluids (e.g., mouse serum, rat urine, and human serum), as well as mouse tumor model through a new kind of fluorescent ATP nanoprobes, offering new powerful tools for the treatment of diseases related to abnormal fluctuation of ATP concentration.

Gut-innervating TRPV1+ Neurons Drive Chronic Visceral Pain via Microglial P2Y12 Receptor

“…Such approach could be done using available sensitive and selective biosensors expressed in microglial cells of the spinal cord. [69][70][71] Microglia express several subtypes of ionotropic (P2XRs) and metabotropic purinergic receptors (P2YRs), which detect synaptic release of ATP. 34 The nature of purinergic responses is dose-dependent; low concentrations of ATP act via P2YRs, but high concentrations (millimolar range) activate P2XRs.…”