Exacerbation of<i>Mycoplasma gallisepticum</i>infection in Turkeys by rhinotracheitis virus

Naylor, C. J.; Al-Ankari, Abdul-Rahman; Al-Afaleq, A. I.; Bradbury, Janet M.; Jones, R. C.

doi:10.1080/03079459208418844

Cited by 74 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Matsuo et al (1978) have shown that in a mixed infection in chickens with M. gallisepticum and Haemophilus gallinarum, there was a reduction in the humoral antibody response to the other organisms. A similar finding was reported in dual infection of M. gallisepticum and avian pneumovirus in turkeys (Naylor et al, 1992) where a significant reduction was demonstrated on day 29 post-infection (p.i.). These findings indicate that M. gallisepticum may have immunosuppressive activity.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Effects of cyclosporin A on the immune responses and pathogenesis of a virulent strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens

Ganapathy

Bradbury

2003

Avian Pathology

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Immune responses to the virulent S6 strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in immunocompetent and cyclosporin A (CsA)-treated specific pathogen free chickens were investigated, and pathogenesis of the M. gallisepticum strain was also examined. Ten-day-old specific pathogen free chickens were inoculated by eye-drop with M. gallisepticum, and a control uninfected group was inoculated with mycoplasma broth. Blood was collected weekly for 4 weeks from five birds in each group and whole blood lymphocyte transformation assayed against concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide. Blood samples were also collected at intervals for serological assays. Live body weight, clinical signs and lesions were monitored, and recovery of M. gallisepticum was attempted from choanal cleft of live birds and also from various sites at necropsy. In parallel to the aforementioned groups, another set of two groups of chicks treated with CsA was infected with M. gallisepticum S6 or mycoplasma broth. These groups were subjected to the same experimental procedures. In the immunocompetent chickens, M. gallisepticum caused temporary T-cell suppression at 2 weeks post-infection. Comparison of the clinical signs and macroscopic lesions produced in immunocompetent and CsA-treated chickens indicated that T cells may not play an active role in disease development. The percentage of birds with mycoplasma isolation and the load of mycoplasmas suggested that T cells may have some role in resisting mycoplasma colonization or in the elimination of the infection.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Effects of cyclosporin A on the immune responses and pathogenesis of a virulent strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens

Ganapathy

Bradbury

2003

Avian Pathology

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“…This may be due to the short life span of broiler flocks and the time of blood sample collection, which was at the acute stage of the respiratory disease (14,16 (20,21). Loss of cilia on the epithelial surface of the upper respiratory tract can be associated with other infectious agents and may enhance infection with avian metapneumo virus, allowing deeper penetration of the virus into the respiratory tract (22).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role Of Avian Metapenumovirus In Respiratory Complex Disease Circulating In Broilers In Northern Iran

Seifi¹,

Boroomand²

2015

TJS

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Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) is the etiologic agent of a respiratory disease of poultry. In a 6 months period from October 2012 to March 2013, broiler flocks with respiratory signs are examined in northern Iran. The purpose of the given research was to define presence of antibodies of the birds' avian metapneumovirus among broilers and detection of virus. Birds were not vaccinated against this virus.Total 525 blood samples and trachea/nasal turbinates swabs were obtained from 35 commercial broiler flocks and pooled (5 swabs/pool), then RT-PCR method was done on these 105 pooled samples. Presence of antibodies against the bird's metapneumovirus in each serum sample has been tested by method of immune-enzyme analysis. 10 (28.5%) flocks had positive antibodies. Of the 35 flocks, 8 were positive by RT-PCR with Nd/Nx primers (23%). This is the first report of APV infection in northern Iran. Vaccination programs should be adjusted to include the APV vaccine to aid in the control of this respiratory disease in the Iranian poultry industry.

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“…Furthermore, in breeders of both species, a drop in egg production and changes in egg quality can be found (Cook, 2000). aMPV infections in chickens and turkeys are frequently exacerbated by bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Bordetella avium and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (Naylor et al, 1992;Jirjis et al, 2004) or respiratory viruses, including infectious bronchitis virus and Newcastle disease virus (Cook, 2000;Jirjis et al, 2004;Villarreal et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian metapneumovirus infection of chicken and turkey tracheal organ cultures: comparison of virus–host interactions

Hartmann¹,

Sid²,

Rautenschlein³

2015

Avian Pathology

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Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) is a pathogen with worldwide distribution, which can cause high economic losses in infected poultry. aMPV mainly causes infection of the upper respiratory tract in both chickens and turkeys, although turkeys seem to be more susceptible. Little is known about virus-host interactions at epithelial surfaces after aMPV infection. Tracheal organ cultures (TOC) are a suitable model to investigate virus-host interaction in the respiratory epithelium. Therefore, we investigated virus replication rates and lesion development in chicken and turkey TOC after infection with a virulent aMPV subtype A strain. Aspects of the innate immune response, such as interferon-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression, as well as virus-induced apoptosis were determined. The aMPV-replication rate was higher in turkey (TTOC) compared to chicken TOC (CTOC) (P < 0.05), providing circumstantial evidence that indeed turkeys may be more susceptible. The interferon-α response was down-regulated from 2 to 144 hours post infection in both species compared to virus-free controls (P < 0.05); this was more significant for CTOC than TTOC. Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression was significantly up-regulated in aMPV-A-infected TTOC and CTOC compared to virus-free controls (P < 0.05). However, the results suggest that NO may play a different role in aMPV pathogenesis between turkeys and chickens as indicated by differences in apoptosis rate and lesion development between species. Overall, our study reveals differences in innate immune response regulation and therefore may explain differences in aMPV -A replication rates between infected TTOC and CTOC, which subsequently lead to more severe clinical signs and a higher rate of secondary infections in turkeys.

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Exacerbation ofMycoplasma gallisepticuminfection in Turkeys by rhinotracheitis virus

Cited by 74 publications

References 15 publications

Effects of cyclosporin A on the immune responses and pathogenesis of a virulent strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens

Effects of cyclosporin A on the immune responses and pathogenesis of a virulent strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens

The Role Of Avian Metapenumovirus In Respiratory Complex Disease Circulating In Broilers In Northern Iran

Avian metapneumovirus infection of chicken and turkey tracheal organ cultures: comparison of virus–host interactions

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