Exact evaluation of gross photosynthetic production from the oxygen triple-isotope composition of O<sub>2</sub>: Implications for the net-to-gross primary production ratios

Prokopenko, Maria G.; Pauluis, Olivier; Granger, Julie; Yeung, Laurence Y.

doi:10.1029/2011gl047652

Cited by 63 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Mass spectrometer measurement procedure has been described in Juranek and Quay (2005 Mixed-layer 17 D-GOP rates were calculated using the approach outlined in Luz and Barkan (2011) and Prokopenko et al (2011) with terms added for horizontal and vertical advection as in Eqs. 5 and 6; horizontal advection terms were neglected for the Offshore region because horizontal surface 17 D diss gradients were typically less than the uncertainty of mixed-layer 17 D diss .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological production rates off the Southern California coast estimated from triple O₂ isotopes and O₂ : Ar gas ratios

Munro

Quay

Juranek

et al. 2013

Limnology & Oceanography

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The isotopic composition of dissolved O 2 ( 17 D) and the biological O 2 saturation from O 2 : Ar ratios were measured in the surface ocean during six cruises off the coast of southern California from November 2005 to August 2008 to determine rates of gross oxygen production (GOP), net oxygen production (NOP), and the NOP : GOP ratio (a measure of potential export efficiency). 17 D-GOP estimates were consistently greater than on-deck incubation-based 14 C-primary production ( 14 C-PP) by a factor of 5.6 6 0.4 and greater than satellite PP estimates by a factor of 3.5 6 0.3 (mmol O 2 : mmol C). The 17 D-GOP to 14 C-PP factor was twice the expected factor of 2.7 determined from comparisons of incubation-based 18 O-GOP and 14 C-PP. The annual mean NOP : GOP ratio was 0.16 6 0.06, suggesting a potential export efficiency that is surprisingly similar to the open ocean using comparable methods.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological production rates off the Southern California coast estimated from triple O₂ isotopes and O₂ : Ar gas ratios

Munro

Quay

Juranek

et al. 2013

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…However, under certain conditions, this range may be exceeded and I have therefore chosen to cover a wider range of f and g values. For example, recent work by Prokopenko et al (2011) on gross oxygen production during a bloom in the coastal Bering Sea has found f values up to 1 and g values greater than 1.…”

Section: Input Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical note: Consistent calculation of aquatic gross production from oxygen triple isotope measurements

Kaiser

2011

Biogeosciences

144

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Abstract. Oxygen triple isotope measurements can be used to calculate aquatic gross oxygen production rates. Past studies have emphasised the appropriate definition of the 17 O excess and often used an approximation to derive production rates from the 17 O excess. Here, I show that the calculation can be phrased more consistently and without any approximations using the relative 17 O/ 16 O and 18 O/ 16 O isotope ratio differences (delta values) directly. I call this the "dual delta method". The 17 O excess is merely a mathematical construct and the derived production rate is independent of its definition, provided all calculations are performed with a consistent definition. I focus on the mixed layer, but also show how time series of triple isotope measurements below the mixed layer can be used to derive gross production.In the calculation of mixed layer productivity, I explicitly include isotopic fractionation during gas invasion and evasion, which requires the oxygen supersaturation s to be measured as well. I also suggest how bubble injection could be considered in the same mathematical framework. I distinguish between concentration steady state and isotopic steady state and show that only the latter needs to be assumed in the calculation. It is even possible to derive an estimate of the net production rate in the mixed layer that is independent of the assumption of concentration steady state.I review measurements of the parameters required for the calculation of gross production rates and show how their systematic uncertainties as well as the use of different published calculation methods can cause large variations in the production rates for the same underlying isotope ratios. In particular, the 17 O excess of dissolved O 2 in equilibrium with atmospheric O 2 and the 17 O excess of photosynthetic O 2 need to be re-measured. Because of these uncertainties, all calculaCorrespondence to: J. Kaiser (j.kaiser@uea.ac.uk) tion parameters should always be fully documented and the measured relative isotope ratio differences as well as the oxygen supersaturation should be permanently archived, so that improved measurements of the calculation parameters can be used to retrospectively improve production rates.

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“…There is currently no single universally-accepted method of calculating GOP, and many authors have argued that the ideal choice of parameters and constants may depend on properties of the system (e.g., the microbial species of interest and isotopic composition of oxygen in water, which is the source of photosynthetic O 2 ) (Luz and Barkan, 2000;Juranek and Quay, 2005;Reuer et al, 2007;Luz and Barkan, 2009;Stanley et al, 2010;Kaiser, 2011;Luz and Barkan, 2011;Nicholson et al, 2011;Prokopenko et al, 2011;Hamme et al, 2012). However, there is strong scientific consensus that calculations should be performed using the individual isotope ratios rather than the empirically defined term 17 ∆ which is a combination of two isotope ratios (Kaiser, 2011;Luz and Barkan, 2011;Nicholson et al, 2011;Prokopenko et al, 2011 as a supplement to this paper (Data set 2) so that GOP can be re-calculated in the future using new formulas (Kaiser, 2011). We also provide the MATLAB code used to calculate GOP, to ensure that the calculations in this paper can be reproduced by others.…”

Section: Calculation Of Nop From O 2 /Ar Mass Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the triple oxygen isotope tracer is relatively new, advances in our theoretical understanding of the tracer are ongoing (Kaiser, 2011;Luz and Barkan, 2011;Nicholson et al, 2011;Prokopenko et al, 2011), as are improvements in measurement precision and accuracy Luz, 2003, 2011;Stanley et al, 2010).…”

Section: Oxygen As a Tracer Of The Biological Pumpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight into chemical, biological, and physical processes in coastal waters from dissolved oxygen and inert gas tracers

Manning¹

2017

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In this thesis, I use coastal measurements of dissolved O 2 and inert gases to provide insight into the chemical, biological, and physical processes that impact the oceanic cycles of carbon and dissolved gases. Dissolved O 2 concentration and triple isotopic composition trace net and gross biological productivity. The saturation states of inert gases trace physical processes, such as air-water gas exchange, temperature change, and mixing, that affect all gases.First, I developed a field-deployable system that measures Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe gas ratios in water. It has precision and accuracy of 1 % or better, enables near-continuous measurements, and has much lower cost compared to existing laboratory-based methods. The system will increase the scientific community's access to use dissolved noble gases as environmental tracers.Second, I measured O 2 and five noble gases during a cruise in Monterey Bay, California. I developed a vertical model and found that accurately parameterizing bubble-mediated gas exchange was necessary to accurately simulate the He and Ne measurements. I present the first comparison of multiple gas tracer, incubation, and sediment trap-based productivity estimates in the coastal ocean. Net community production estimated from 15 NO -3 uptake and O 2 /Ar gave equivalent results at steady state. Underway O 2 /Ar measurements revealed submesoscale variability that was not apparent from daily incubations.Third, I quantified productivity by O 2 mass balance and air-water gas exchange by dual tracer ( 3 He/SF 6 ) release during ice melt in the Bras d'Or Lakes, a Canadian estuary. The gas transfer velocity at >90 % ice cover was 6 % of the rate for nearly ice-free conditions. Rates of volumetric gross primary production were similar when the estuary was completely ice-covered and ice-free, and the ecosystem was on average net autotrophic during ice melt and net heterotrophic following ice melt. I present a method for incorporating the isotopic composition of H 2 O into the O 2 isotope-based productivity calculations, which increases the estimated gross primary production in this study by 46-97 %.In summary, I describe a new noble gas analysis system and apply O 2 and inert gas observations in new ways to study chemical, biological, and physical processes in coastal waters.

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Exact evaluation of gross photosynthetic production from the oxygen triple-isotope composition of O₂: Implications for the net-to-gross primary production ratios

Cited by 63 publications

References 34 publications

Biological production rates off the Southern California coast estimated from triple O₂ isotopes and O₂ : Ar gas ratios

Biological production rates off the Southern California coast estimated from triple O₂ isotopes and O₂ : Ar gas ratios

Technical note: Consistent calculation of aquatic gross production from oxygen triple isotope measurements

Insight into chemical, biological, and physical processes in coastal waters from dissolved oxygen and inert gas tracers

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Exact evaluation of gross photosynthetic production from the oxygen triple-isotope composition of O2: Implications for the net-to-gross primary production ratios

Cited by 63 publications

References 34 publications

Biological production rates off the Southern California coast estimated from triple O2 isotopes and O2 : Ar gas ratios

Biological production rates off the Southern California coast estimated from triple O2 isotopes and O2 : Ar gas ratios

Technical note: Consistent calculation of aquatic gross production from oxygen triple isotope measurements

Insight into chemical, biological, and physical processes in coastal waters from dissolved oxygen and inert gas tracers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Exact evaluation of gross photosynthetic production from the oxygen triple-isotope composition of O₂: Implications for the net-to-gross primary production ratios

Biological production rates off the Southern California coast estimated from triple O₂ isotopes and O₂ : Ar gas ratios

Biological production rates off the Southern California coast estimated from triple O₂ isotopes and O₂ : Ar gas ratios