Exact peak compression factor in linear gradient elution

Shell particles, trials, tribulations and triumphs

“…The elution of small proteins such as insulin can be performed under isocratic conditions at the high flow rate of 3 ml/min ( = 125), providing a column efficiency of nearly 35,000 plates per meter, with the 2.7 m Halo-ES-peptide column. Under gradient elution conditions, the peak shape of insulin is significantly compressed [102][103][104] and the performance achieved with columns packed with core-shell particles is better than that provided by columns packed with sub-2 m particles [78,105,106]. Fig.…”

Characterization of warfarin unusual peak profiles on oligoproline chiral high performance liquid chromatography columns

“…A HPLC peak deviating from classical Gaussian, Langmuirian and anti-Langmuirian profiles has been defined as deformed peak by Samuelsson et al [52]. Peak deformation including compressed, broadened, distorted and split peaks from a normal isocratic peak can be induced by system peak, whereas gradient elution usually causes peak compression [53][54][55][56]. In practical use, term of peak compression only indicates the peak shows apparently compressed profile without great other distortion, while peak deformation indicates the peak shape has obviously distortion and deviates from classical Gaussian, Langmuirian or anti-Langmuirian profile [53,57,58].…”

Green reversed‐phase HPLC development strategy: Application to artesunate and amodiaquine analysis

“…However, at acidic pH, the difference in retention times between AS and AQ is too important to avoid the use of a gradient elution. Nevertheless, it is known that gradient elution mode has a benefit effect on peak shape due to gradient compression mechanism which decreases peak tailing [30,31].…”