Exact solutions to Bayesian and maximum likelihood problems in facial identification when population and error distributions are known

Abstract

The reliability of traditional photogrammetric identification techniques using a small number of facial landmarks has recently come in for criticism. However, the transformation of parameters into a new face space in which the error distributions are orthogonal, yields a maximum likelihood solution to the problem of identifying a photographed face from a small, known, population which, in a simulated example, raises the success rate from 20% to 93%. A full transformation yielding simultaneously independent population and error distributions can be derived from raw population and error data using a straightforward computer procedure. Such a transformation facilitates computations for the situation where a single suspect is held in custody and the likelihood ratio of his being identical with a photograph is desired. It seems premature to condemn photogrammetry until the more efficient data-analysis approach outlined in this paper has been applied and tested. #

Computer assisted photo-anthropometric analyses of full-face and profile facial images

“…Alternative databases would be necessary if the system was to be applied to those of a different ethnicity, age group or gender. It may also be possible to apply alternative novel statistical techniques [35]. Furthermore, Yoshino and colleagues [24] have suggested that a database of 3D images, and associated facial measurements could be routinely obtained in a similar manner to police mug-shots.…”

Comparing the Defendant to Images of the Culprit: Interpreting Results of Mock Witness Filler‐Control Tests

“…Mock witnesses are used to assess the fairness of eyewitness lineups (Doob & Kirshenbaum, ; McQuiston & Malpass, ). Likewise, a mock witness filler‐control test could be conducted to provide evidence about whether the defendant does or does not match the culprit (see Allen, , for a description of a method of identification based on facial landmarks).…”

Proposta de metodologia de análise fotoantropométrica para identificação humana em imagens faciais em norma frontal

“…A abordagem fotoantropométrica tradicional envolve a identificação de um número de pontos anatômicos na imagem e a medição das distâncias entre eles (ALLEN, 2008;MORETON;MORLEY, 2011). Para que proporções, índices e ângulos sejam mensurados, ao invés de se utilizar medidas lineares, pode-se normatizar estas distâncias, dividindo-as pela distância interpupilar, por exemplo.…”