“…For example, Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 binary glass prepared through the sol–gel process has a low preparation temperature (below 700 °C), and the glass samples have high purity and uniform composition distribution compared to those in the preparation temperature of 1500 °C by the melting process. Previous research has shown that aluminum lactate, which is a precursor to alumina, can be used to make alumina-containing glass in a silicon-containing/silicon-free environment. − Additionally, by altering the pH of the sol solution, uniform and clear xerogels may be obtained using the chelated lactic acid ligand. ,− Lead sulfide (PbS) colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) with a wide exciton Bohr radius and a small bandgap show the advantage of producing light at wavelengths ranging from visible to mid-infrared. − Moreover, PbS CQDs provide variant nonlinear optical (NLO) responses. In NIR, PbS CQDs exhibit saturable absorption, which can be exploited as a Q-switcher or passive mode-locker for NIR lasers. , The ionic precursor of PbS quantum dots may be evenly disseminated using the broad doping concentration adjusted across a wide gradient in the sol–gel process, which is an unmatched benefit of this approach compared to that of the conventional melting method.…”