Exaggeration of Type 2 Diabetes Due to Caffeine-Nicotine Co-Administration: A Study in Rats

Abstract

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluated the toxic effect of simultaneously injected normal doses of caffeine and nicotine in diabetic lab animals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A study was conducted for three weeks in seven rat groups (n=6); viz. first non-diabetic group treated with caffeine (20 mg/kg, ip) twice daily, second with nicotine (0.4 mg/kg, ip) twice daily and third with both treatments simultaneously; whereas other three groups treated in the same way but inducing diabetes; and employing the seventh group as diabetic control. Type 2 diabetes was induced by high fatty diet prior for two weeks and a single streptozotocin injection on 1<sup>th</sup> day of study in all diabetic groups. Blood and urine samples were collected weekly to estimate blood parameters. Animals were sacrificed, and organs were collected for histopathology analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most blood parameters showed a rapid increase in diabetes in co-addiction group compared with their single addiction or non-addiction control groups. Caffeine-nicotine co-addiction group showed about 60-80 mg/dl (p<0.05) rise in serum glucose, 15-20 U/l in AST (p<0.01), 80-100 U/l in ALT (p<0.01), 20-30 mg/dl in Urea (p<0.01), 02 mg/dl in creatinine (p<0.05), 12-15 mg/dl (p<0.01) in LDL-C, 6-9 mg/dl in VLDL-C (p<0.01) and 60-90 mg/dl in TC levels (p<0.01) when compared with non-addicted diabetic control. There was a significant reduction in HDL-C (p<0.01) while the less significant rise in triglycerides in the case of co-addiction as compared to non-addiction diabetic control group. Histopathology results exhibited moderate to severe tissue damage in agreement with clinical biochemistry results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nicotine-caffeine co-addiction harms exceptionally more in type 2 diabetes greater than their single addiction or non-addiction.</p>

Effect of Canna Indica L. Extract Against Caffeine-Nicotine Co-Administration-Induced Exaggeration in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

“…This research protocol was continuation of our previous work Kumbhar et al where we demonstrated exaggeration of Type 2 diabetes by caffeine nicotine coadministration in diabetic rats [7]. We also conducted another study where we proposed significant antidiabetic activity of CI extract in SD rats [15].…”

“…In our previous study, we demonstrated exaggeration of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced Type 2 diabetes in rats due to caffeine-nicotine coadministration [7]. When we compared diabetic control group with coadministration group we observed increase in insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia.…”

“…When we compared diabetic control group with coadministration group we observed increase in insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia. We also demonstrated change in histopathology of vital organs such as pancreas, kidney, and liver of diabetic animals and concluded, "there was mild to moderate exaggeration of organ damage in diabetes due to chronic coadministration of caffeine-nicotine" [7].…”

“…"How to minimize the additional exaggeration of complication caused by nicotine-caffeine in Type 2 diabetes?" was the main focus of this study [7,13]. We treated caffeine-nicotine addicted diabetic animals with standard drug glibenclamide and CI extract in different groups.…”

Hubungan Merokok dan Konsumsi Kopi dengan Kadar Gula Darah Penderita Diabetes Melitus di Kecamatan Paron

“…Konsumsi kafein dan nikotin secara bersamaan dapat meningkatkanaresistensi ainsulin. aDalam penelitianayanga dilakukan oleh Khumbar terhadapa mencit didapatkan hasil bahwa nikotin dan kafein yang merupakan sistem obat perangsang apabila diinjeksikan secara bersamaan dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan adiktif (Kumbhar et al, 2016).…”