Examination of evidence for resonances at high excitation energy in the 
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 disassembly of 
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Cao, X. G.; Kim, E. J.; Schmidt, K.; Hagel, K.; Barbui, M.; Gauthier, J.; Wuenschel, S.; Giuliani, G.; Rodriguez, M. R. D.; Kowalski, S.; Zheng, Hua; Huang, M.; Bonasera, A.; Wada, R.; Blando, N.; Zhang, G. Q.; Wong, Cheuk-Yin; Staszczak, A.; Ren, Z. X.; Wang, Y. K.; Zhang, S. Q.; Meng, J.; Natowitz, J. B.

doi:10.1103/physrevc.99.014606

Cited by 35 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The stabilities of these toroidal states against particle emission are illustrated by analyzing the density distributions and potentials. The toroidal states at I = 28, 36, 44 are local minima in energy at their given spins, and the corresponding excitation energies reasonably reproduce the observed three resonances extracted from the seven-α de-excitation of 28 Si [27]. A linear relation between the excitation energies of the toroidal states and the I(I + 1) values is found for both the data and the calculated results.…”

supporting

confidence: 67%

“…The centrifugal barrier is around 9 MeV and therefore the neutron level with m π z = 11/2 − is quasibound. Accordingly, the radial density profile for this level is localized as shown in In deep-inelastic collisions of 28 Si on 12 C target experiment [27], three resonances with excitation energies 112.7, 125.4, and 138.7 MeV have been observed. They are suggested as the toroidal states at spin I = 28, 36, 44 , respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 66%

“…These three resonances are then suggested as the high-spin toroidal states in 28 Si at spin I = 28, 36, and 44 , respectively. The presence of these states is supported by the cranking CDFT calculations [27]. In Ref.…”

mentioning

confidence: 73%

“…In Ref. [27], the discussions based on cranking CDFT calculations are mainly focused on the excitation energies. It would be interesting to study the toroidal states in 28 Si in details.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toroidal states in 28Si with covariant density functional theory in 3D lattice space

et al. 2020

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The toroidal states in 28 Si with spin extending to extremely high are investigated with the cranking covariant density functional theory on a 3D lattice. Thirteen toroidal states with spin I ranging from 0 to 56 are obtained, and their stabilities against particle emission are studied by analyzing the density distributions and potentials. The excitation energies of the toroidal states at I = 28, 36, and 44 reasonably reproduce the observed three resonances extracted from the seven-α de-excitation of 28 Si. The possible existence of α clustering in these toroidal states is discussed based on α-localization function.Most nuclei in their ground states are spherical or ellipsoidal [1]. Wheeler suggested that very heavy nuclei may have toroidal shapes due to the large Coulomb energies [2].Pioneering works along this idea have been done by Wong [3][4][5]. Based on the toroidal potential in radially displaced harmonic-oscillator model [3,4], it was found that although the toroidal states in liquid-drop model are unstable against sausage deformations, the nuclear shell effects may counterbalance with this instability [3,4]. Later on, Wong predicted that the toroidal states could be stabilized with a sufficiently high angular momentum by introducing an effective "rotation" about the symmetry axis to the toroidal states [5]. Recent investigation on shells in a toroidal nucleus in the intermediate-mass region with the toroidal potential can be found in Ref. [6].The microscopic and self-consistent nuclear energy density functional theories (DFTs) [7][8][9][10] have also been used to investigate the toroidal states in both superheavy [11][12][13][14] and light nuclei [15][16][17][18][19][20]. In particular, for the high-spin toroidal states, a toroidal state with an angular momentum of 60 along the symmetry axis in 40 Ca has been obtained with the cranking Skyrme DFT [16]. Similar high-spin toroidal states in other nuclei with 28 ≤ A ≤ 52 were also investigated in Refs. [17][18][19][20].The angular momenta of the high-spin toroidal states are not from the collective rotation about the symmetry axis, but are generated by nucleon alignments [16,17]. The alignments of nucleons violate the time-reversal symmetries and, thus, induce strong currents [16], which requires a proper treatment of the time-odd fields in the framework of DFTs. In addition, some toroidal states may contain single particles in unbound states [16,18,20]. It is therefore important to examine the stability of the toroidal states against the nucleon emission.To treat the time-odd fields and nucleon emission properly, a covariant DFT (CDFT) calculation in three-dimensional (3D) lattice space is preferred. Due to the Lorentz invariance, the CDFT provides a self-consistent treatment of the time-odd fields; the time-odd fields share the same coupling constants as the time-even ones [21]. Working in 3D lattice space makes it suitable to examine the nuclear stability against nucleon emission. Fortunately, the CDFT in 3D lattice space is available now [22][23][24] af...

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supporting

confidence: 67%

mentioning

confidence: 66%

mentioning

confidence: 73%

“…In Ref. [27], the discussions based on cranking CDFT calculations are mainly focused on the excitation energies. It would be interesting to study the toroidal states in 28 Si in details.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toroidal states in 28Si with covariant density functional theory in 3D lattice space

et al. 2020

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“…MeV in 12 C), which plays a crucial role in the synthesis of 12 C from three 4 He nuclei in stars [6]. The Hoyle state was later found to be a gas-like state with strong mixing of the linear chain and other configurations [7] and recently reinterpreted as an α-condensatelike state [8,9].…”

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confidence: 99%

Dynamics of the linear-chain alpha cluster in microscopic time-dependent relativistic density functional theory

2020

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The time-dependent covariant density functional theory in 3D lattice space has been developed and applied to investigate the microscopic dynamics of the linear-chain cluster states for carbon isotopes in the reactions 4 He+ 8 Be and 4 He+ 10 Be without any symmetry assumptions. By examining the density distribution and its time evolutions, the structure and dynamics of the linear-chain states are analyzed, and the quasiperiodic oscillations of the clusters are revealed. For 4 He+ 8 Be, the linear-chain states evolve to a triangular configuration and then to a more compact shape. In contrast, for 4 He+ 10 Be, the lifetime of the linear-chain states is much more prolonged due to the dynamical isospin effects by the valence neutrons which slow down the longitudinal oscillations of the clusters and persist the linear-chain states. The dependence of the linear chain survival time and dynamical isospin effects on impact parameters have been illustrated as well.

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The study of intelligent algorithm in particle identification of heavy-ion collisions at low and intermediate energies

Cheng,

Su,

Cao

et al. 2024

NUCL SCI TECH

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Examination of evidence for resonances at high excitation energy in the 7α disassembly of Si28

Cited by 35 publications

References 57 publications

Toroidal states in 28Si with covariant density functional theory in 3D lattice space

Toroidal states in 28Si with covariant density functional theory in 3D lattice space

Dynamics of the linear-chain alpha cluster in microscopic time-dependent relativistic density functional theory

The study of intelligent algorithm in particle identification of heavy-ion collisions at low and intermediate energies

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