Examination of expansin genes as related to apple fruit crispness

Trujillo, Diana; Mann, Harpartap; Tong, Cindy B. S.

doi:10.1007/s11295-011-0417-z

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…MdACS1-1 is associated with high ethylene production and softer fruit, while MdACS1-2 is associated with low ethylene production and firmer fruit [ 12 ]. The high expression of MdACS1 in ’Honeycrisp’ fruit corresponds to its heterozygous allelotype, including both MdACS1-1 and MdACS1-2 , in contrast to that of the homozygous ( MdACS1-2/2 ) MN1764 [ 26 ], but is inconsistent with its ripening behavior, including crispness retention. Despite exhibiting high MdACS1 expression, ’Honeycrisp’ fruit produce low amounts of ethylene during ripening compared with ’McIntosh’ fruit, that show climacteric ripening characteristics [ 8 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a genetic study, Harb et al [ 8 ] showed that MdEXP2 and MdXTH2 had lower gene expression in ’Honeycrisp’ fruit during fruit ripening compared with ’McIntosh’ fruit, while MdXTH10 exhibited an opposite expression pattern. Trujillo et al [ 26 ], on the other hand, found that MdEXP2 was not strongly related to crispness retention by examining the gene expression and effects of allelotype in fruit of several apple varieties and ’Honeycrisp’ progeny individuals. So far, there has been no additional study to validate the functions of MdXTH s in ’Honeycrisp’ fruit, and thus the MdXTH gene family is a potential target for further analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of Candidate Genes Involved in Fruit Ripening and Crispness Retention Through Transcriptome Analyses of a ‘Honeycrisp’ Population

Chang

Tong

2020

Plants

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Crispness retention is a postharvest trait that fruit of the ’Honeycrisp’ apple and some of its progeny possess. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of crispness retention, progeny individuals derived from a ’Honeycrisp’ × MN1764 population with fruit that either retain crispness (named “Retain”), lose crispness (named “Lose”), or that are not crisp at harvest (named “Non-crisp”) were selected for transcriptomic comparisons. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using RNA-Seq, and the expression levels of the DEGs were validated using nCounter®. Functional annotation of the DEGs revealed distinct ripening behaviors between fruit of the “Retain” and “Non-crisp” individuals, characterized by opposing expression patterns of auxin- and ethylene-related genes. However, both types of genes were highly expressed in the fruit of “Lose” individuals and ’Honeycrisp’, which led to the potential involvements of genes encoding auxin-conjugating enzyme (GH3), ubiquitin ligase (ETO), and jasmonate O-methyltransferase (JMT) in regulating fruit ripening. Cell wall-related genes also differentiated the phenotypic groups; greater numbers of cell wall synthesis genes were highly expressed in fruit of the “Retain” individuals and ’Honeycrisp’ when compared with “Non-crisp” individuals and MN1764. On the other hand, the phenotypic differences between fruit of the “Retain” and “Lose” individuals could be attributed to the functioning of fewer cell wall-modifying genes. A cell wall-modifying gene, MdXTH, was consistently identified as differentially expressed in those fruit over two years in this study, so is a major candidate for crispness retention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Candidate Genes Involved in Fruit Ripening and Crispness Retention Through Transcriptome Analyses of a ‘Honeycrisp’ Population

Chang

Tong

2020

Plants

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“…Modifications in the chemical composition of apple cell wall polysaccharides during fruit development and ripening have already been described [ 6 , 9 , 10 , 22 , 30 ] as well as enzymes and genes expression involved in ripening [ 14 , 16 , 17 , 23 , 26 , 27 , 39 , 40 ]. However a more detailed view of genes potentially involved in cell wall polysaccharide chemical composition, structure, water flux during apple development and storage provides insights into the mechanisms affecting texture characteristics and highlights novel candidate genes involved in these processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell wall dynamics during apple development and storage involves hemicellulose modifications and related expressed genes

et al. 2016

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BackgroundFruit quality depends on a series of biochemical events that modify appearance, flavour and texture throughout fruit development and ripening. Cell wall polysaccharide remodelling largely contributes to the elaboration of fleshy fruit texture. Although several genes and enzymes involved in cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis and modifications are known, their coordinated activity in these processes is yet to be discovered.ResultsCombined transcriptomic and biochemical analyses allowed the identification of putative enzymes and related annotated members of gene families involved in cell wall polysaccharide composition and structural changes during apple fruit growth and ripening. The early development genes were mainly related to cell wall biosynthesis and degradation with a particular target on hemicelluloses. Fine structural evolutions of galactoglucomannan were strongly correlated with mannan synthase, glucanase (GH9) and β-galactosidase gene expression. In contrast, fewer genes related to pectin metabolism and cell expansion (expansin genes) were observed in ripening fruit combined with expected changes in cell wall polysaccharide composition.ConclusionsHemicelluloses undergo major structural changes particularly during early fruit development. The high number of early expressed β-galactosidase genes questions their function on galactosylated structures during fruit development and storage. Their activity and cell wall substrate remains to be identified. Moreover, new insights into the potential role of peroxidases and transporters, along with cell wall metabolism open the way to further studies on concomitant mechanisms involved in cell wall assembly/disassembly during fruit development and storage.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-016-0887-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…‘Honeycrisp’ has become a popular apple ( Malus × domestica ) cultivar in U.S. markets [1] and an important parent in apple breeding programs worldwide. Its high acclaim has been largely due to its strong consumer preference [2], the uniquely ultra-crisp texture of its fruit [3] that is retained through extended cold storage [4], [5], [6] and its reported resistance to apple scab [7]. However, growers have been concerned about the tendency of ‘Honeycrisp’ trees to develop the leaf disorder termed zonal leaf chlorosis (ZLC) [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics of zonal leaf chlorosis and genetic linkage to a major gene regulating skin anthocyanin production (MdMYB1) in the apple (Malus × domestica) cultivar Honeycrisp

et al. 2019

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‘Honeycrisp’ is a widely grown and acclaimed apple cultivar that is commonly used in breeding programs. It also has a well-documented tendency to develop the physiological disorder, zonal leaf chlorosis (ZLC). This disorder causes reduced photosynthetic capacity and is thought to be due to a problem with phloem loading, although the underlying genetics of the disorder have not previously been discerned. In order to understand the breeding implications of the disorder, six families with ‘Honeycrisp’ as a parent and one family with ‘Honeycrisp’ as both a maternal and paternal grandparent were evaluated for ZLC incidence over two years. One major quantitative trait locus (QTL) for ZLC incidence was identified on linkage group (LG) 9. A haplotype in ‘Honeycrisp’ that originated from grandparent ‘Duchess of Oldenburg’ was associated with increased ZLC incidence in offspring in both years and all families evaluated. The LG9 QTL was 5 to 10 cM from MdMYB1, which is a major gene regulating fruit skin anthocyanin production. ‘Honeycrisp’ is heterozygous for red fruit skin overcolor at MdMYB1. The ‘Honeycrisp’ haplotype at the LG9 QTL associated with increased ZLC is in linkage phase with the allele at MdMYB1 associated with red color. Selection for the red allele from ‘Honeycrisp’ at MdMYB1 will result in most offspring also inheriting the haplotype at the LG9 QTL associated with high ZLC. The occurrence of two copies of this haplotype was sub-lethal in seedlings of a family where both parents inherited both the red overcolor allele at MdMYB1 and the haplotype at the LG9 QTL associated with high ZLC. This is the first study to have identified a genetic component of ZLC with clear breeding implications.

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Examination of expansin genes as related to apple fruit crispness

Cited by 15 publications

References 33 publications

Identification of Candidate Genes Involved in Fruit Ripening and Crispness Retention Through Transcriptome Analyses of a ‘Honeycrisp’ Population

Identification of Candidate Genes Involved in Fruit Ripening and Crispness Retention Through Transcriptome Analyses of a ‘Honeycrisp’ Population

Cell wall dynamics during apple development and storage involves hemicellulose modifications and related expressed genes

Genetics of zonal leaf chlorosis and genetic linkage to a major gene regulating skin anthocyanin production (MdMYB1) in the apple (Malus × domestica) cultivar Honeycrisp

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