Examination of Gait and Balance Parameters Between Genders

Abstract

Study aim(s): This study aimed to examine the relationship between dynamic balance and gait parameters, focusing on gender differences. Specifically, it sought to determine the presence of asymmetry between the right and left side in dynamic balance control among healthy individuals, as well as to explore the influence of age, gender, and anthropometric characteristics on dynamic stability. Additionally, the study examined the relationship between dynamic balance and spatial-temporal gait parameters. Methods: The study population consisted of 66 volunteers (33 female, 33 male participants), all leading sedentary lifestyle. The average age of the female participants was 30.58±6.275 years, while that of the male participants was 30.39±4.899 years. Participants first completed a sociodemographic form. Following this, a static balance test was performed using the D-Wall apparatus in a bipedal stance, both with eyes open and closed. The test was conducted three times, with the mean value recorded. Afterward, participants rested passively for five minutes before the commencement of the gait analysis. In the initial phase of the investigation, a walking analysis was conducted barefoot at a velocity of 4.0 km/h (SCX version) on the Walker View device. During a one-minute trial at this speed, the following variables were recorded for one minute at 4.0 km/h: lower extremity trunk, hip, and knee flexion range of motion; stride lengths, cadence, and contact times. The collected data were then analyzed using an independent t-test. Results: The mean body mass index (BMI) was 21.77±1.071 kg/m² for women and 24.08±2.246 kg/m² for men. A significant difference was identified in the trunk flexion range of motion (ROM), favoring men, and in eyes-open static bipedal balance, favoring women (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the remaining parameters (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The results demonstrated significant discrepancies between male and female participants in trunk flexion ROM, where men outperformed women, and in eyes-open static balance, where women outperformed men. These findings indicate that gender is an important factor to consider in dynamic balance and gait assessments.