Examination of impact of lignosulfonates added to the negative active mass of a lead–acid battery electrode

Zimáková, Jana; Fryda, Daniel; Vaculík, Sebastian; Bača, Petr; Bouška, Marek

doi:10.1016/j.est.2018.04.009

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, lignosulfonate has the disadvantage of poor electrical conductivity. Given this, Jana [68] studied the cycling stability of different sodium lignosulfonates as expansion agents on lead‐acid batteries, and found that low‐purity sodium lignosulfonates only showed good charge acceptance in the early stages of the cycle, but the polarization resistance increased significantly in the later stages. In addition, the high‐purity sodium lignosulfonates showed better long‐term cycle stability and stable polarization resistance.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water‐soluble Lignosulfonates: Structure, Preparation, and Application

et al. 2023

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As one of the key raw materials that replace petroleum materials in today‘s world, biomass resources could be regarded as a promising resource. Currently, lignin and its derivatives are the only lignocellulosic biomass found to possess aromatic rings. Extending the application area of lignin requires overcoming the limitations of its low hydrophilicity. Sulfonation process becomes the most effective method for preparing lignosulfonates. An analysis of the mechanisms by which different lignosulfonates are prepared. It compared the effects of various modification methods on charge density and sulfonate group content in lignosulfonates. It also examined how different separation techniques affect the properties of lignosulfonates. As a result of being more water‐soluble, there is also a review of cutting‐edge research in the fields of energy, medicine, and agriculture. Also, the possible uses of lignosulfonate are talked about, and ideas are given for how this compound could be improved in the future.

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Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water‐soluble Lignosulfonates: Structure, Preparation, and Application

et al. 2023

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“…In order to address this problem, other materials are commonly investigated as additives in the NAM. These other materials are conductive ones (such as carbon black and acetylene black), , expanders (such as lignosulfonates), polysaccharide composite, and electric double layer capacitance (EDLC) materials , (like carbons in many forms such as activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, − and graphene − ). However, these materials are not exclusively incorporated into NAM, with other applications also being studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyaniline–Lead Composites as Inhibitors for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction, Relevant for Lead-Acid Batteries

Escanio,

S dos Santos,

M Natale

et al. 2024

J. Phys. Chem. C

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This work developed a composite of the conducting polymer polyaniline (PAni) with lead that has a high onset potential for hydrogen evolution in a high-concentration acid solution. The aim was to avoid hydrogen evolution from a carbon fiber current collector, considering its application in lead-acid batteries. In a 5 M H 2 SO 4 solution, the onset potential was as high as −0.75 V vs Ag/AgCl. The study revealed that the Pb 2+ ions strongly interact with the nitrogen present in the PAni structure. Xray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy gave an insight into how the interaction between lead ions and the nitrogen takes place, which is described schematically. This composite is stable and keeps the high onset potential, while Pb 2+ is associated with nitrogen, as evaluated in various potentials through chronoamperometry and cyclic voltammetry conditions. The Pb 2+ desorbs for potentials higher than −0.65 V vs Ag/AgCl and degrades the composite onset potential. The desorption was reversible as long as the PbSO 4 particles formed were nanometric and immersed in the PAni. Desorption for long periods forms large PbSO 4 particles; consequently, the reduction of these particles becomes difficult. Without Pb 2+ ions, it is not possible to restore the interaction between Pb 2+ and PAni. Besides XPS and Raman spectroscopy, the material characterization was performed by field emission gun scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The electrochemical characterization involved cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry, galvanostatic charge−discharge cycles, and chronoamperometry.

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“…LS obtained via the sulfite cooking of lignin, one of the main components of timber, is added in the initial manufacturing step of LABs, and has additive effects such as providing a larger paste viscosity and specific surface area in each process [ 9 ]. Various expanders or auxiliary agents have been added to electrodes and/or electrolyte solutions to improve their properties, leading to improvements in the charge/discharge life cycle and a reduction in hydrogen generation as an adverse reaction [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. However, the charge acceptance performance is worsened by the addition of LS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Knehr et al also suggested a similar tendency for crystal growth by means of TXM [ 20 , 21 ]. However, research on the adsorption site of the expander and the solvation structure in the electrolyte has not significantly progressed, while a number of research papers on morphological changes in the negative electrode during the reaction due to the addition of expander were published [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Therefore, we conceived the idea that frequency modulation atomic force AFM (FM-AFM) could be used to analyze structural changes at the negative electrode–electrolyte interface [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualization of Electrolyte Reaction Field Near the Negative Electrode of a Lead Acid Battery by Means of Amplitude/Frequency Modulation Atomic Force Microscopy

et al. 2023

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The precise observation of a solid–liquid interface by means of frequency modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM) was performed, demonstrating its applicability to a study on lead acid batteries using an electrochemical test cell for in-liquid FM-AFM embedded with a specialized cantilever holder. The consistency and reproducibility of each surface profile observed via amplitude modulation AFM and FM-AFM were verified properly in a strong acidic electrolyte. In terms of FM-AFM, the ability to observe remarkable changes in the force mapping is the most beneficial, especially near the negative electrode surface. The localization of lignosulfonate (LS) added into the electrolyte as an expander could be visualized since this characteristic force mapping was captured when LS was added to electrolyte.

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Examination of impact of lignosulfonates added to the negative active mass of a lead–acid battery electrode

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Water‐soluble Lignosulfonates: Structure, Preparation, and Application

Water‐soluble Lignosulfonates: Structure, Preparation, and Application

Polyaniline–Lead Composites as Inhibitors for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction, Relevant for Lead-Acid Batteries

Visualization of Electrolyte Reaction Field Near the Negative Electrode of a Lead Acid Battery by Means of Amplitude/Frequency Modulation Atomic Force Microscopy

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