This study explores how mathematical modeling thinking can be integrated into large, medium, and small school teaching to enhance students' mathematical abilities and interdisciplinary thinking. Using various research methods, including literature review, surveys, teaching experiments, statistical analysis, and expert interviews, we aim to establish a localized model for integrating mathematical modeling, thinking into large, medium, and small school teaching to optimize the quality of mathematics education. Research both in China and internationally has shown that mathematical modeling thinking has garnered significant attention in the field of education and holds promise as an effective approach to improving students' mathematical thinking skills and overall quality of education. The results of this research are expected to offer new insights and methods for mathematical education within the context of large, medium, and small school integration and provide scientifically sound assessment standards for education. This study is not only academically significant but also expected to support educational reform and practice in schools and educational institutions, contributing to the development of innovative and practical talents.