Examination of the best cut-off points of PHQ-2 and GAD-2 for detecting depression and anxiety in Italian cardiovascular inpatients

Giuliani, Mattia; Gorini, Alessandra; Barbieri, Simone; Veglia, Fabrizio; Tremoli, Elena

doi:10.1080/08870446.2020.1830093

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…21,37 However, subsequent validation studies have suggested the cutoff score be lowered to ≥2 to achieve an optimal balance of sensitivity and specificity. [38][39][40] Therefore, the clinical interpretations of the PHQ-2 and GAD-2 as screening measures are consistent with that recommended for the general population and is not altered in a chronic pain sample.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…This suggestion is in contrast to both the original validation study of the PHQ‐2 and a study of individuals with rheumatoid arthritis which recommended a cutoff score of ≥3 on the PHQ‐2 21,37 . However, subsequent validation studies have suggested the cutoff score be lowered to ≥2 to achieve an optimal balance of sensitivity and specificity 38–40 . Therefore, the clinical interpretations of the PHQ‐2 and GAD‐2 as screening measures are consistent with that recommended for the general population and is not altered in a chronic pain sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Examining the psychometric properties of brief screening measures of depression and anxiety in chronic pain: The Patient Health Questionnaire 2‐item and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2‐item

et al. 2022

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Objective Individuals with chronic pain experience anxiety and depressive symptoms at rates higher than the general population. The Patient Health Questionnaire 2‐item (PHQ‐2) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2‐item (GAD‐2) are brief screening measures of depression and anxiety, respectively. These brief scales are well‐suited for use in routine care due to their brevity and ease of administration, yet their psychometric properties have not been established in heterogeneous chronic pain samples when administered over the Internet. Materials and Methods Using existing data from randomized controlled trials of an established Internet‐delivered pain management program (n = 1333), we assessed the reliability, validity, diagnostic accuracy, and responsiveness to treatment change in the PHQ‐2 and GAD‐2, as well as the long‐form counterparts. Exploratory analyses were conducted to obtain cutoff scores using those participants with diagnostic data (n = 62). Results The PHQ‐2 and GAD‐2 demonstrated appropriate reliability (eg, Cronbach's α = 0.79–0.84), validity (eg, higher scores in individuals with a diagnosis; p < 0.001), and responsiveness to treatment change (eg, pre‐ to post‐treatment scores, p < 0.001). The psychometric properties of the short forms compared well with the longer forms. Cutoff scores on the short forms were consistent with general population samples, while cutoff scores on the long forms were higher than previously observed using general population samples. All four scales favored specificity over sensitivity. Conclusions The PHQ‐2 and GAD‐2 demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties in the current sample, as did the long forms. Based on our findings, the PHQ‐2 and GAD‐2 can be used as screening tools with chronic pain samples when administered over the Internet.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Examining the psychometric properties of brief screening measures of depression and anxiety in chronic pain: The Patient Health Questionnaire 2‐item and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2‐item

et al. 2022

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“…Furthermore, Section C provides rapid screening of anxious and/or depressive symptoms through an ad hoc question on stressful life events and two well-known instruments, GAD-2 (Spitzer et al, 2006;Kroenke et al, 2007;Giuliani et al, 2021) and PHQ-2 (Spitzer et al, 1999;Kroenke et al, 2003;Giuliani et al, 2021). This is a response to the necessity to investigate the etiology of subjective complaints because, at least in some cases, some impairments can be due to reversible causes, such as affective disorders or drug side effects (Jessen et al, 2020;Liew, 2020a;Si et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, a screening for anxious and depressive symptoms is proposed as they may be misinterpreted as cognitive issues or may worsen the cognitive impairment (van Rijsbergen et al, 2019;Jessen et al, 2020;Liew, 2020a). To screen anxiety and/or depressive symptoms have been chosen the recently Italian validation of GAD-2 (Generalized Anxiety Disorder; Spitzer et al, 2006;Kroenke et al, 2007;Giuliani et al, 2021) and PHQ-2 (Patient Health Questionnaire; Spitzer et al, 1999;Kroenke et al, 2003;Giuliani et al, 2021), as they are the shortened versions of two well-established and very used screening tools for mood disorders in research and clinical practice (Giuliani et al, 2021).…”

Section: Section C-psychological Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MASCoD—Multidimensional Assessment of Subjective Cognitive Decline

2022

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Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a subclinical cognitive impairment that is complained by the individual without being objectively supported at clinical, diagnostic, and neuropsychological levels. It can negatively impact on patient’s frailty and quality of life, as well as on the caregiver’s burden. Moreover, it can be prodromal to Mild Cognitive Impairment or dementia. Although the clinical manifestations of SCD can differ along with several cognitive domains, to date there are only screening tools to investigate subjective memory complaints. Thus, the first aim of this paper is to propose a preliminary English and Italian version of a new screening tool called MASCoD (Multidimensional Assessment of Subjective Cognitive Decline); the second aim is to propose its preliminary adoption on a pilot sample. This schedule is a brief test derived from the review of the literature and the clinical experience provided by an experts panelist. From pilot tests, it seems promising as it can help the professional to make differential diagnosis and to predict the risk of developing severe cognitive impairment over time, developing a personalized care path. This screening tool is brief, easily embeddable in usual clinical assessment, and administrable by different professionals. Furthermore, following validation, it will allow to collect manifold cognitive manifestations of SCD, addressing the shortage of previous validated instruments globally assessing cognition affected by this condition.

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“…Additional medical data will include depression and anxiety, measured using the 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) and the 2-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD-2), respectively, at baseline, 6 and 12 months. These questionnaires are derived from the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 and in cardiac patients are shown to have similar sensitivity and specificity as these longer and highly validated questionnaires 51…”

Section: Methods and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Health literacy and long-term health outcomes following myocardial infarction: protocol for a multicentre, prospective cohort study (ENHEARTEN study)

et al. 2022

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IntroductionLow health literacy is common in people with cardiovascular disease and may be one factor that affects an individual’s ability to maintain secondary prevention health behaviours following myocardial infarction (MI). However, little is known about the association between health literacy and longer-term health outcomes in people with MI. The ENhancing HEAlth literacy in secondary pRevenTion of cardiac evENts (ENHEARTEN) study aims to examine the relationship between health literacy and a number of health outcomes (including healthcare costs) in a cohort of patients following their first MI. Findings may provide evidence for the significance of health literacy as a predictor of long-term cardiac outcomes.Methods and analysisENHEARTEN is a multicentre, prospective observational study in a convenience sample of adults (aged >18 years) with their first MI. A total of 450 patients will be recruited over 2 years across two metropolitan health services and one rural/regional health service in Victoria, Australia. The primary outcome of this study will be all-cause, unplanned hospital admissions within 6 months of index admission. Secondary outcomes include cardiac-related hospital admissions up to 24 months post-MI, emergency department presentations, health-related quality of life, mortality, cardiac rehabilitation attendance and healthcare costs. Health literacy will be observed as a predictor variable and will be determined using the 12-item version of the European Health Literacy Survey (HLS-Q12).Ethics and disseminationEthics approval for this study has been received from the relevant human research ethics committee (HREC) at each of the participating health services (lead site Monash Health HREC; approval number: RES-21-0000-242A) and Services Australia HREC (reference number: RMS1672). Informed written consent will be sought from all participants. Study results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and collated in reports for participating health services and participants.Trial registration numberACTRN12621001224819.

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Examination of the best cut-off points of PHQ-2 and GAD-2 for detecting depression and anxiety in Italian cardiovascular inpatients

Cited by 14 publications

References 44 publications

Examining the psychometric properties of brief screening measures of depression and anxiety in chronic pain: The Patient Health Questionnaire 2‐item and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2‐item

Examining the psychometric properties of brief screening measures of depression and anxiety in chronic pain: The Patient Health Questionnaire 2‐item and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2‐item

MASCoD—Multidimensional Assessment of Subjective Cognitive Decline

Health literacy and long-term health outcomes following myocardial infarction: protocol for a multicentre, prospective cohort study (ENHEARTEN study)

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