Examination of the emission of (semi-)volatile organic compounds from polymer materials used as interior trim materials in automobiles

Loock, Frederik Van; Lampe, Th.; Bahadir, Müfit

doi:10.1007/bf00323973

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…1). Loock et al [32] and Wensing et al [33] analyzed the thermallyconditioned OP emissions from polymer materials used in passenger compartments of automobiles. SVOCs in particular can condense after the emission in the passenger compartment as, for example, film deposits (e. g., fogging condensate) on the inside of the windshield.…”

Section: Release From Vehicles and Buildingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analysis of fogging condensate and air from vehicle interiors showed that flame retardants TCPP and TDCP were the dominant substances emitted [32,33,35,36], especially in new cars. Under driving conditions and during standing at room temperature, the concentrations of TCPP and TDCP were below the indoor guideline value RW I (5 lg m -3 ) suggested for some OPs by Sagunski and Roßkamp [37].…”

Section: Release From Vehicles and Buildingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organophosphorus Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in Rain and Snow from Middle Germany

Regnery¹,

Püttmann

2009

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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The role of precipitation as an important source of, and entry pathway for, organophosphates (OPs) into the aquatic environment was investigated. Rainwater and snow samples (53 and 43, respectively) collected between November 2007 and April 2008 from urban and remote areas of middle Germany were analyzed for OPs by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after solid phase extraction (SPE). The analytes tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) phosphate (TCPP), tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCP), tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP), triiso-butyl phosphate (TiBP), and tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP) were detected in almost all rain and snow samples. TCPP was the most abundant chlorinated alkyl-phosphate ester in urban rainwater, with concentrations ranging from 46 to 2659 ng L -1 . In general, concentrations of OPs in urban rainwater were 3 to 4 times higher than those at background monitoring stations, e. g., Schmücke and Thuringian Forest. Variable concentrations of chlorinated flame retardants were found in precipitation, but their occurrence was not correlated with air temperature. The results of the study indicate that volatilization of OPs from objects protected by flame retardants, including vehicles and buildings, causes these compounds to reach the aquatic environment via washout from the atmosphere, despite their reported short atmospheric half-lives (a 24 h).

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Section: Release From Vehicles and Buildingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Release From Vehicles and Buildingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organophosphorus Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in Rain and Snow from Middle Germany

Regnery¹,

Püttmann

2009

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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“…This exploits the property of SVOCs to condense on surfaces. The procedure originated in the automotive sector [50], where it is used for investigating the problematic deposition of compounds on the inside of vehicle glazing. For room interior tests a glass or stainless steel plate measuring approximately 15 N 15 cm is cooled down to 158C and left in the room for about 14 days.…”

Section: Volatile Organic Compounds (Vocs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence, Dynamics and Reactions of Organic Pollutants in the Indoor Environment

Salthammer¹,

Bahadir

2009

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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The indoor environment is a multidisciplinary scientific field involving chemistry, physics, biology, health sciences, architecture, building sciences and civil engineering. The need for reliable assessment of human exposure to indoor pollutants is attracting increasing attention. This, however, requires a detailed understanding of the relevant compounds, their sources, physical and chemical properties, dynamics, reactions, their distribution among the gas phase, airborne particles and settled dust as well as the availability of modern measurement techniques. Building products, furnishings and other indoor materials often emit volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds. With respect to a healthy indoor environment, only low emitting products, which do not influence indoor air quality in a negative way, should be used in a building. Therefore, materials and products for indoor use need to be evaluated for their chemical emissions. This is routinely done in test cambers and cells. Many studies have shown that the types of sources in occupational and residential indoor environments, the spectrum of emitting compounds and the duration of emission cover a wide range. The demand for standardized test methods under laboratory conditions has resulted in several guidelines for determination of emission rates. Furthermore, it has now been recognized that both primary and secondary emissions may affect indoor air quality. The problem may become more dominant when components of different materials can react with each other or when catalytic materials are applied. Such products derived from indoor related reactions may have a negative impact on indoor air quality due to their low odor threshold, health related properties or the formation of ultrafine particles. Several factors can influence the emission characteristics and numerous investigations have shown that indoor chemistry is of particular importance for the indoor related characterization of building product emissions. This paper provides an overview of the current state of the art research on the mentioned topics.

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PVC Additives

Wypych¹

2015

PVC Formulary

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Examination of the emission of (semi-)volatile organic compounds from polymer materials used as interior trim materials in automobiles

Cited by 15 publications

References 5 publications

Organophosphorus Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in Rain and Snow from Middle Germany

Organophosphorus Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in Rain and Snow from Middle Germany

Occurrence, Dynamics and Reactions of Organic Pollutants in the Indoor Environment

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