Examination of the Material Found in the Pore Spaces of Two Permeable Pavements

Welker, Andrea L.; Jenkins, Jennifer K. Gilbert; McCarthy, Leslie Myers; Nemirovsky, Evgeny M.

doi:10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0000543

Cited by 36 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Materials that cause clogging include sediments (sand, silt, clay) that may have eroded from surrounding areas, debris from road surfaces or from other areas carried and deposited by vehicles, small particles originating from the pavement itself due to surface wear or other degradation, and organic matter from surrounding vegetation (Ferguson, 2005). Welker et al (2013) analysed material removed from voids of permeable asphalt and permeable concrete taken from a car park. They found very little fine sediments and most material was from deterioration of the pavements.…”

Section: Clogging Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has also been reported that permeable concrete captures suspended solids, P, N, Zn, Cu and motor oil, improving stormwater and groundwater quality (Schueler, 1987;Brattebo and Booth, 2003;Scholz and Grabowiecki, 2007;Calkins et al, 2010;Welker et al, 2013;Sansalone et al, 2008). It is also reported to improve skid resistance and minimise heat island effects in cities (Tennis et al, 2004;Amde and Rogge, 2013;Schaefer et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clogging in permeable concrete: A review

Kia

Wong

Cheeseman

2017

Journal of Environmental Management

198

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Permeable concrete (or "pervious concrete" in North America) is used to reduce local flooding in urban areas and is an important sustainable urban drainage system. However, permeable concrete exhibits reduction in permeability due to clogging by particulates, which severely limits service life. This paper reviews the clogging mechanism and current mitigating strategies in order to inform future research needs. The pore structure of permeable concrete and characteristics of flowing particulates influence clogging, which occurs when particles build-up and block connected porosity. Permeable concrete requires regular maintenance by vacuum sweeping and pressure washing, but the effectiveness and viability of these methods is questionable. The potential for clogging is related to the tortuosity of the connected porosity, with greater tortuosity resulting in increased potential for clogging. Research is required to develop permeable concrete that can be poured on-site, which produces a pore structure with significantly reduced tortuosity.

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Section: Clogging Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clogging in permeable concrete: A review

Kia

Wong

Cheeseman

2017

Journal of Environmental Management

198

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“…As described above, plastic shreds and other foreign objects that were included in the samples would not pass the sieves either. the highest concentration of organic material recovered from a permeable pavement systems is located in the down gradient segments (Welker et al, 2012). The velocity of water running over the permeable pavement and carrying less dense particles towards down gradient segments may explain the concentration of organics at this location.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Some functionality of these systems can indeed be recovered through routine maintenance operations, which include street sweeping or air blasting. Although much effort has gone into exploring the mechanisms of clogging and the characteristics of clogging material (R. Brown & Borst, 2013;Haselbach et al, 2006;Welker, Jenkins, McCarthy, & Nemirovsky, 2012), the current maintenance practices for permeable pavements are based on little understanding of such mechanisms and thus are vague. In order to provide a better maintenance method, the factors influencing the clogging must be identified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of slope and paver characteristics on performance of permeable pavement GI.

Ehsaei¹

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DEDICATIONI dedicate my dissertation to my family and many friends. A special feeling of gratitude to my loving parents, whose words of encouragement and push got me this far. I also dedicate this dissertation to my wife, who stood by me, and I will always appreciate all her support throughout the process. This dissertation is an experimental study based on the findings of two Green Infrastructure (GI) stormwater control measures (SCMs) in Louisville, KY, which focused on the effects of the physical environment on the performance of GI. The GI installed in Louisville are suffering from extensive and rapid surface clogging and in order to optimize current and future GI, an understanding of the factors affecting the performance of the system is required. The study used the current literature to determine the surrounding factors and those of the permeable surface that had not been investigated enough, and used several configurations of GI to determine the effects of these variables on the surface clogging. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe module used to test these variables was a wooden flume, specifically designed and constructed from plywood so that the variables of the experiment could be incorporated in testing. The flume simulates a permeable pavement system with storage gallery and a bedding layer, and is paved with three different interlocking concrete pavements that provide gaps of three different sizes. The flume's longitudinal slope can be adjusted, and the permeable joint material can be included. The performance of the vi flume was measured using 7 time domain reflectometer (TDRs) instruments, manufactured by Campbell Scientific, which are located inside the storage gallery.After conducting 21 experiments with various configurations, the data was analyzed to reveal meaningful information. As expected, the experiments with permeable joint material show a clear separation for the sediment deposited on the surface, where empty gaps resulted in inorganics being deposited on the up gradient and organics on the down gradient.The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) of the progression of clogging and progression of infiltration edge on the permeable surface showed that the increase of gap size from 6 mm to 9 mm did not result in a significant change, but the change to 12 mm gaps resulted in a significantly different rate for the progression of the first rate. The presence of #8 aggregate in the gaps resulted in significant changes in both rates and finally the change of slope from 1% to 3% created a significant change in the rate at which surface clogging progressed.vii

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“…Average TSS removal rates varied between 28.1%-43.1% between formulations. While TSS can clog porous pavements, Welker et al (2013) demonstrated that when precautions are taken the amount of solids trapped in pores can be minimised and can actually serve as a benefit by sorbing pollutants. Lead and phosphate removal rates varied much more between formulations with removal as high as 36.6% and 72.1% respectively.…”

Section: Removal Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fly ash amended pervious concrete: a laboratory study on removal potential for inorganic contaminants

Otter¹,

Bachner²,

Nolin³

et al. 2016

IJEE

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Pervious concrete is a recognised best management practice. This study investigated the removal efficiencies of various pervious concrete formulations when exposed to total suspended solids, Pb , and total suspended solids, respectively. Removal efficiencies of total suspended solids, Cl -, SO 4 2-, and NO 3 -were not largely influenced by formulation. However, both Pb 2+ and PO 4 3-removal were formulation dependent. Analysis of the void space in each individual pervious concrete cylinder was performed and compared to removal efficiency data. Surprisingly, no significant relationship existed between removal of potential contaminants and void space. Pervious concrete can aid in improving water quality of urban runoff.

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Examination of the Material Found in the Pore Spaces of Two Permeable Pavements

Cited by 36 publications

References 22 publications

Clogging in permeable concrete: A review

Clogging in permeable concrete: A review

Effect of slope and paver characteristics on performance of permeable pavement GI.

Fly ash amended pervious concrete: a laboratory study on removal potential for inorganic contaminants

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