“…Along with motivation, social-cognitive theory suggests that effective communication affects students' deep thinking and motivation [15]. Hence, learners with strong self-efficacy are more likely to engage in activities that improve their learning, such as setting goals, using effective learning strategies, monitoring and evaluating their goal progress, and creating effective physical and social environments [16,17]. Furthermore, students who feel more empowered and exercise self-determination are more likely to engage in the tasks.…”