Examination of Variables That May Affect the Relationship Between Cognition and Functional Status in Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Meta-Analysis

McAlister, Courtney; Schmitter‐Edgecombe, Maureen; Lamb, Richard

doi:10.1093/arclin/acv089

Cited by 69 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…More specifically, poorer performances on tests of executive functioning (switching) and temporal order memory were related to poorer self-reported everyday functioning for the high SCC group. This pattern of findings is consistent with the literature, which suggests that memory and executive functioning, are related to everyday functioning in the older adult population and MCI populations (e.g., Farias et al, 2009; Jefferson, Paul, Ozonoff, & Cohen, 2006; McAlister, Schmitter-Edgecombe, & Lamb, 2016; Schmitter-Edgecombe & Parsey, 2014b). Further examination of the cognitive domains that may predict functional performance in individuals with SCC and their neural underpinnings may serve to refine the neuropsychological profile of SCC and development of sensitive cognitive tests.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Although it remains unclear as to which cognitive abilities are most predictive of everyday functioning, memory and executive functioning appear to be the most widely investigated and frequent predictors of functional status in both HOAs and older adults with MCI (e.g., Cahn-Weiner, Boyle, & Malloy, 2002; McAlister, Schmitter-Edgecombe, & Lamb, 2016; Schmitter-Edgecombe, McAlister, & Weakley, 2012; Vaughan & Giovanello, 2010). Recent studies have also indicated that noncontent memory processes (i.e., prospective memory and temporal order memory), which have been linked to executive functioning and the frontal lobes (e.g., Glisky & Kong, 2008; Turner, Simons, Gilbert, Frith, & Burgess, 2008), make an independent contribution to the prediction of functional abilities in both HOAs and MCI (e.g., McAlister & Schmitter-Edgecombe, 2013; Schmitter-Edgecombe et al, 2012; Schmitter-Edgecombe, Woo, & Greeley, 2009; Woods, Weinborn, Velnoweth, Rooney, & Bucks, 2012).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Everyday functioning and cognitive correlates in healthy older adults with subjective cognitive concerns

McAlister

Schmitter‐Edgecombe

2016

The Clinical Neuropsychologist

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Objective Few studies have examined functional abilities and complaints in healthy older adults with subjective cognitive concerns (SCC). The aims of this study were to assess everyday functioning in healthy older adults reporting high and low amounts of SCC, and examine cognitive correlates of functional abilities. Method Twenty-six healthy older adults with high SCC, and 25 healthy older adults with low SCC, as well as their knowledgeable informants completed the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living-Compensation (IADL-C), a questionnaire measure of everyday functioning. Results After controlling for depression, the high SCC group self-reported significantly more everyday difficulties on the IADL-C, including all subdomains. Compared to the low SCC group, informants for the high SCC group endorsed more difficulties on the IADL-C and specifically the social skills subdomain. For the high SCC group, poorer self-report of everyday functioning was related to poorer executive functioning and temporal order memory. Conclusions These findings indicate that there may be subtle functional changes that occur early in the spectrum of cognitive decline in individuals with high SCC, and these functional changes are evident to informants. Further work is needed to investigate whether individuals with both SCC and functional difficulties are at an even higher risk for progression to mild cognitive impairment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Everyday functioning and cognitive correlates in healthy older adults with subjective cognitive concerns

McAlister

Schmitter‐Edgecombe

2016

The Clinical Neuropsychologist

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“…These findings are consistent with prior research showing that switching abilities are important for functional abilities in HOAs (e.g., Bell-McGinty et al, 2002) and individuals with cognitive impairment (e.g., McAlister, Schmitter-Edgecombe, & Lamb, 2016; Yeh et al, 2011). Moreover, in contrast with several other studies of HOAs (i.e., Jefferson et al, 2006; Han, 2010), the results from the regression analyses did not show inhibition abilities to be strong predictors of everyday functioning despite both of our inhibition tasks likely measuring different aspects of inhibition (behavioral versus oculomotor).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Executive function subcomponents and their relations to everyday functioning in healthy older adults

McAlister

2016

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

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Everyday functioning and its executive functioning cognitive correlates (i.e., switching, inhibition, and updating) were investigated in healthy older adults (HOAs) using multiple methods of functional status. In addition to whether computerized experimental tasks would better dissociate these subcomponents than neuropsychological measures of executive functioning, we were also interested in the contributions of both experimental and neuropsychological measures of executive function subcomponents to functional abilities. Seventy HOAs (45 young-old and 25 old-old) and 70 younger adults completed executive function and neuropsychological tests. In addition to self- and informant questionnaires of functional abilities, HOAs completed two performance-based measures. An aging effect was found on all executive function measures. Old-old older adults and their informants did not report more functional difficulties but demonstrated more difficulties on performance-based measures relative to young-old participants. For the HOAs, after controlling for age and education, the neuropsychological measures of executive functioning, but not experimental measures, explained a significant amount of variance in the informant-report and both performance-based measures. Updating measures differentially predicted performance-based measures, while switching was important for questionnaire and performance-based measures. The contribution of executive functioning to functional status when measured with experimental measures specifically designed to isolate the executive subcomponent was not as strong as hypothesized. Further research examining the value of isolating executive function subcomponents in neuropsychological assessment and the prediction of functional abilities in older adults is warranted.

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“…For example, a recent meta-analyses found that across multiple cognitive domains and neuropsychological measures, TMT-B accounted for the largest amount of variance in functional status in mild cognitive impairment (McAlister, Schmitter-Edgecombe, & Lamb, 2016). TMT-B has also been found to be a predictor of medication management ability in Parkinson’s disease (Manning et al, 2012), and instrumental activities of daily living in community-dwelling older adults (Bell-McGinty, Podell, Franzen, Baird, & Williams, 2002; Cahn-Weiner, Boyle, & Malloy, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multicomponent analysis of a digital Trail Making Test

Fellows

Dahmen

Cook

et al. 2016

The Clinical Neuropsychologist

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Objective The purpose of the current study was to use a newly developed digital tablet-based variant of the TMT to isolate component cognitive processes underlying TMT performance. Method Similar to the paper-based trail making test, this digital variant consists of two conditions, Part A and Part B. However, this digital version automatically collects additional data to create component subtest scores to isolate cognitive abilities. Specifically, in addition to the total time to completion and number of errors, the digital Trail Making Test (dTMT) records several unique components including the number of pauses, pause duration, lifts, lift duration, time inside each circle, and time between circles. Participants were community-dwelling older adults who completed a neuropsychological evaluation including measures of processing speed, inhibitory control, visual working memory/sequencing, and set-switching. The abilities underlying TMT performance were assessed through regression analyses of component scores from the dTMT with traditional neuropsychological measures. Results Results revealed significant correlations between paper and digital variants of Part A (rs = .541, p < .001) and paper and digital versions of Part B (rs = .799, p < .001). Regression analyses with traditional neuropsychological measures revealed that Part A components were best predicted by speeded processing, while inhibitory control and visual/spatial sequencing were predictors of specific components of Part B. Exploratory analyses revealed that specific dTMT-B components were associated with a performance-based medication management task. Conclusions Taken together, these results elucidate specific cognitive abilities underlying TMT performance, as well as the utility of isolating digital components.

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Examination of Variables That May Affect the Relationship Between Cognition and Functional Status in Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Meta-Analysis

Cited by 69 publications

References 64 publications

Everyday functioning and cognitive correlates in healthy older adults with subjective cognitive concerns

Everyday functioning and cognitive correlates in healthy older adults with subjective cognitive concerns

Executive function subcomponents and their relations to everyday functioning in healthy older adults

Multicomponent analysis of a digital Trail Making Test

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