Examining Acute Coronary Syndrome Across Ethnicity, Sex, and Age

Gender-Related Factors Associated With Outcomes of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Young Female Patients

“… 24 The existing literature shows a significant lack of comprehensive studies exploring the intricate interplay of gender dynamics and their influence on ACS outcomes in this group, particularly in examining the roles, identity, relations, and structural aspects of gender. 27 , 33 The focus has been predominantly on sex-based disparities, overshadowing the complex interaction of biological and sociocultural gender factors. This gap, accentuated by the absence of sex- and age-disaggregated data, reflects historical and societal biases in medical research and underscores the need for more nuanced and inclusive studies.…”

“…Prior research has yielded a collection of review articles addressing varied aspects of ACS management inequalities, 20 socioeconomic inequities linked to ACS, 31 , 32 racial and ethnic disparities therein, 27 , 33 and the influence of nonstandard modifiable risk factors on ACS mortality. 34 In the context of young female patients, previous reviews have provided exploration of topics ranging from risk factors linked to ACS, 24 to psychosocial aspects of recovery following acute myocardial infarction, 35 alongside discussion on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of acute myocardial infarction.…”

A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study of Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients’ Quality of Life and Drug Prescription Patterns at Riyadh Region Hospitals, Saudi Arabia

“…Furthermore, increasing age was related to lower baseline renal function, which is a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with ACS. This process results in STEMI, NSTEMI, and UA, with this patient having an imbalance between oxygen demand and supply [ 12 ]. As a result, older people have more calcification, as well as more multivessel and major diseases.…”

“…Every year, around 8 million people in the United States seek treatment in emergency rooms for chest pain. Over 1.5 million people are admitted to hospitals with an ACS each year (330,000 with STEMI and 1.24 million with UA and NSTEMI) [ 12 ]. Furthermore, according to a prior single-center study conducted in Saudi Arabia, the leading reason for coronary care unit (CCU) admission was ACS [ 13 ].…”

“…Chest discomfort that presses, squeezes, or burns and spreads to the neck, shoulder, arm, jaw, back, or upper abdomen is the most prevalent ACS symptom. Sweating, nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, palpitations, fainting, anxiety, restlessness, a sudden blood pressure drop, and death are further symptoms [ 12 ]. ACS patients, particularly MI patients, have an 80% chance of survival after a coronary event, but the youngest survivors are high-risk and require long-term preventative measures to enhance their quality of life [ 16 ].…”