Examining Cognitive Status of Elderly Iranians: Farsi Version of the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination

Abstract

The Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) is an expanded and modified version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Research demonstrates that the reliability, validity, specificity, and sensitivity of the 3MS are superior to that of the MMSE in detecting cognitive impairment. The Farsi version of the 3MS (F-3MS) was examined as a screening tool for dementia among elderly Iranians. The F-3MS and the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) were administered to 58 patients with dementia and 145 control subjects with normal cognition, aged 60 to 85 years. The difference between groups on the mean total scores of the F-3MS was statistically significant (dementia = 60.65 ± 9.89, control = 80.73 ± 8.26; df = 201, t = 14.75, p < .001). The receiver-operating characteristic curve showed 78 as the optimal cutoff point for detecting dementia, with a sensitivity of 98% and specificity of 81%. Interrater reliability was high (n = 50, r = .91, p < .001), as were test-retest reliability (n = 50, r = .89, p < .001) and internal consistency (a = .85). The F-3MS correlated strongly with the CDT, supporting convergent validity of the F-3MS. The F-3MS can be used as a valid and reliable measure for dementia screening among elderly Iranians.

Influence of adjuvant clonidine on mania, sleep disturbances and cognitive performance – Results from a double-blind and placebo-controlled randomized study in individuals with bipolar I disorder during their manic phase

“…To assess participants' cognitive performance, the Persian version (Ansari et al, 2010;Gharaeipour and Andrew, 2013) of the Mini Mental State Examination (Folstein et al, 1975) was employed. The MMSE has satisfactory psychometric properties (Ansari et al, 2010;Gharaeipour and Andrew, 2013;Pangman et al, 2000).…”

“…To assess participants' cognitive performance, the Persian version (Ansari et al, 2010;Gharaeipour and Andrew, 2013) of the Mini Mental State Examination (Folstein et al, 1975) was employed. The MMSE has satisfactory psychometric properties (Ansari et al, 2010;Gharaeipour and Andrew, 2013;Pangman et al, 2000). This expert rating assesses participants' orientation to time and place, attention and calculation, recall, language, repetition and complex commands such as drawing shapes, with higher scores reflecting a higher cognitive performance; 24 to 30 points reflect normal cognitive performances, while scores of 23 and lower reflect an impaired cognitive performance.…”

The impact of a multicomponent-functional training with postural correction on functional balance in the elderly with a history of falling

“…In this randomized-controlled study, the inclusion criteria were as follows: 1) age ≥ 68 years old, 2) Farsi Version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) > 24 [ 20 ], 3) walking or accomplishing other daily activities without assistance, 4) being healthy without any acute or chronic diseases or physical, mental, psychological, and other disorders (e.g., cardiovascular, respiratory, skin problems, osteoarthritis), 5) the ability to participate in regular training sessions (not missing more than two sessions during the entire research period), 6) no history of regular physical activity in the 6 months before participating in the study, 7) the ability to stand for at least one minute and walk 10 m unaided, 8) normal vision (or corrected vision).…”

Levetiracetam as an Adjunctive Treatment for Mania: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

“…To assess participants’ cognitive performance, the Persian version [47, 48] of the MMSE [49] was employed. The MMSE has satisfactory psychometric properties [47, 48, 50].…”

“…To assess participants’ cognitive performance, the Persian version [47, 48] of the MMSE [49] was employed. The MMSE has satisfactory psychometric properties [47, 48, 50]. This expert rating assessed participants’ orientation to time and place, attention and calculation, recall, language, repetition and complex commands such as drawing shapes, with higher scores reflecting a higher cognitive performance; 24–30 points reflect normal cognitive performances, while scores of 23 and lower reflect an impaired cognitive performance.…”