Examining continuance intention of online learning during COVID-19 pandemic: Incorporating the theory of planned behavior into the expectation–confirmation model

Abstract

COVID-19 pandemic has tremendously affected many industries in the world, including higher education. To cope with changes in the pandemic, online learning has become a prevalent means for university students to receive education. Based on the expectation-confirmation model (ECM) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB), this study aims to develop an integrated model, consisting of confirmation, perceived usefulness, satisfaction, perceived enjoyment, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and continuance intention instruments, to predict Chinese university students’ continuance intention toward online learning. Using convenience sampling, we enrolled full-time university students who have used online-learning platforms in November 2020. Data collected from 493 Chinese university students were analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation model (SEM) to test the model and hypotheses. All measurements of constructs used in this study are adapted by previous studies. The results show that perceived satisfaction, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control were significantly associated with the continuance intention of online learning. Furthermore, the two components of the expectation–confirmation model (ECM), perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment, have a significant impact on the satisfaction of online learning. Notably, although confirmation of expectations had no direct impact on satisfaction, it was positively associated with perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment. Implications and limitations were discussed.

Factors affecting Thai EFL students’ behavioral intentions toward mobile-assisted language learning

“…All investigated factors exhibited a significant impact on the behavioral intention of Thai EFL learners to use MALL, with perceived enjoyment (PE) emerging as the most influential factor (β = 0.5809, p < 0.05). This finding is consistent with the conclusions of previous studies (Li et al, 2021(Li et al, , 2022Al-Bashayreh et al, 2022). PE plays a crucial role in language learning because it increases learners' effectiveness and overall satisfaction (Zheng and Zhou, 2022).…”

“…They discovered that the students' perceived enjoyment of e-learning significantly influenced their perceived usefulness and behavioral intentions. Li et al (2022) conducted a survey of 493 Chinese university students, investigating their behavioral intention and satisfaction with online learning. The study established a significant relationship between perceived enjoyment and user satisfaction.…”

Lessons Learned from the Educational Experience during COVID-19 from the Perspective of Latin American University Students

“…Currently, in this "post-pandemic" stage, in which students and teachers from higher education institutions are returning to campuses, attention is being given to how to restructure teaching and learning processes to transition from a traditional expository model to a hybrid model that takes the best of face-to-face and virtual instruction, and that responds to the new demands made of those involved. On the one hand, students demand greater preparation from teachers to design scenarios of greater flexibility, with students partly managing their own learning processes, at their own pace and with opportunities for work continuity [13]. On the other hand, teachers demand from universities accompaniment, training, and both technological and methodological tools to face "the new normality".…”

“…On the other hand, teachers demand from universities accompaniment, training, and both technological and methodological tools to face "the new normality". Thus, universities need to satisfy these demands, which is considered a complex task at the pedagogical, organizational, infrastructural, legal, economic, and even sociological level [13][14][15].…”

Influence of Self-Efficacy, Perceived Enjoyment and Ease of Use on Mathematics Learning Satisfaction in Virtual Environments

“…A piece of evidence dealing with the perception of use is the technology acceptance model, which has been gaining ground over the years. Its extension has covered various lines of business, such as the hotel sector, product companies and/or services in general, the health sector, and even the education sector; this extension has allowed technology to be much more effective and freely available for interaction between people and for learning, this is how participation in Online students tend to promote autonomy, this due to the ease of use they have, and that is that ease of use is closely related to favorable opinions regarding electronic learning and is also linked to the computer skills that students adopt from intuitively, generating a positive impact of happiness from virtual learning (Alqahtani et al, 2022;Gurban & Almogren, 2022 Happiness for learning is translated as student satisfaction due to the actual use of the virtual learning system (Hassanzadeh et al, 2012a); Under this concept, the perception of the use of technology offers great possibilities for learning in virtual environments characterized by modern technology, which currently represents an important change in education, being clear that the ease of use of systems for educational environments represents student satisfaction (Li et al, 2022). From this background, the following hypothesis emerges:…”