Examining hate-motivated aggression: a review of the social psychological literature on hate crimes as a distinct form of aggression

Craig, Kellina M.

doi:10.1016/s1359-1789(00)00039-2

Cited by 121 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In the case of a hate crime, however, it has been suggested that loss to the victim is the intention of the crime (Gale, Heath, and Ressler, 2002;Craig, 2002). As well as causing harm to the victim, a hate crime is often intended to convey a message to the wider group to which the victim belongs (or is perceived to belong).…”

Section: Hate Crimes In the Economics Of Crimementioning

confidence: 99%

Hate Crime in the Wake of Terror Attacks

Hanes

Machin

2014

Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice

142

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This paper asks a straightforward question -what happened to racially motivated hate crimes in the wake of the 7/7 terror attack that hit London in July 2005 and the 9/11 terror attack that hit the US in September 2001. There is anecdotal and statistical evidence of an increase in bias-motivated crimes since the 9/11 terrorist attacks in the US, but no quantitative research that has accurately pinned down the magnitudes of any hate crime increase that ensued. The study provides a unique estimate of the magnitude and duration of the effects of 7/7 and 9/11 on hate crime using data from four police force areas in England with sizable Asian/Arab populations. We find significant increases in hate crimes against Asians and Arabs that occurred almost immediately in the wake of both terror attacks and which lasted for a prolonged period. Moreover, hate crimes against Asians and Arabs do not return back to their pre-attack levels, showing a permanent increase in the wake of the attacks. We argue that this demonstrates a strong link between terror attacks and increases in hate crime and hypothesise that attitudinal changes from media coverage act as an underlying driver.JEL Classifications: K42.

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Section: Hate Crimes In the Economics Of Crimementioning

confidence: 99%

Hate Crime in the Wake of Terror Attacks

Hanes

Machin

2014

Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice

142

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“…Det har poängterats av ett flertal forskare att det saknas "egna" teoretiska resonemang inom hatbrottsforskningen som själv ständig disciplin till varför sårbara minoritetsgrupper utsätts för brott, hatbrott och andra kränkningar (Craig, 2002;Perry, 2009). Det har dessutom lyfts fram att det hittills har genomförts få empiriska undersökningar om hatbrottens orsaker vilket sannolikt kan härledas till att forskningsfältet omkring hatbrottsutsatthet är ett relativt ungt forskningsämne (Chakraborti & Garland, 2012;Iganski, 2008).…”

Section: Teoretisk Utgångspunktunclassified

Gatans tysta offer : En studie av socialt utsatta EU-medborgares utsatthet i det offentliga rummet

Wallengren¹,

Mellgren²

2017

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“…Mona et al (2005) argued that much of the violence against persons with disabilities is hate-motivated rather than random in the sense that the abuse and violence directed at members of this group can be taken as evidence that much of this violence is based on group membership rather than individual attributes, but hate crime policy requires the individual to respond. Furthermore, Craig (2002) writes that where a person is perceived as a victim that victim comes to symbolise a despised social group. In depicting disabled people as victims of their own bodies our social culture automatically invites social condemnation.…”

Section: Contamination Contamination Contamination Contamination and mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prosecuting Disability Hate Crime: a disabling solution?

Piggott¹

2011

PPP

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Abstract AbstractPublic acts of hostility and harassment against disabled people are characterised in law as hate crime when they are accompanied by evidence of prejudice. But, rather than protecting and deterring, the offence of hate crime invites and depends on the identification of a person as different, thereby reinforcing culturally embedded ideas of normality and disability. As a result the law is based on disablist assumptions of disabled people as inferior. The law is also based on ideas and practice that presume ablebodiedness and thereby risks marginalising disabled people with whom the criminal justice system can find it difficult to work.

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Examining hate-motivated aggression: a review of the social psychological literature on hate crimes as a distinct form of aggression

Cited by 121 publications

References 18 publications

Hate Crime in the Wake of Terror Attacks

Hate Crime in the Wake of Terror Attacks

Gatans tysta offer : En studie av socialt utsatta EU-medborgares utsatthet i det offentliga rummet

Prosecuting Disability Hate Crime: a disabling solution?

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