Examining Hypoxia: A Survey of Pilots' Experiences and Perspectives on Altitude Training

Hackworth, Carla A.; Peterson, Linda N.; Jack, Dan G.; Williams, Clara A.; Hodges, Blake E.

doi:10.1037/e458752006-001

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…[1,2] While the effects of sudden or rapid loss of cabin pressurization are obviously apparent to the aircrew, slow or unrecognized depressurization and failure of oxygen systems are subtle in nature, and are often not easily recognized. [3] This has earned hypoxia its dangerous reputation as the "silent killer. " The order of appearance of signs and symptoms that accompany hypoxia and their severity are related to the exposure period and the rate and degree to which the blood oxygen tension is lowered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypoxia signature: A useful tool for hypoxia recognition among aircrew

Kasture

Nataraja

et al. 2021

IJASM

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Introduction: Hypoxia, often referred to as “silent killer,” a common aeromedical stressor in aviation, may have catastrophic events in-flight unless recognized well in time. On exposure to hypoxia, an individual manifests a specific spectrum of symptoms referred to as “hypoxia signature.” The present study was conducted to assess the manifestation of “hypoxia signature” on repeated exposure to simulated hypobaric hypoxia for its potential usage as a tool for hypoxia recognition. Material and Methods: Twenty-two healthy adult volunteers were subjected to a simulated altitude of 22,000 feet for a duration of 5 min in the hypobaric altitude chamber. The symptoms experienced by the participants at the said altitude were recorded using a questionnaire. The heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) were recorded during the exposure. The hypoxia exposure was repeated two more times with a minimum interval of 3 weeks between each. Paired t-test was used to compare the mean values of physiological parameters (HR and SpO2) between ground level and 22000 feet recorded in all the three exposures. The hypoxia symptoms and their severity reported during the exposures were compared with those of recalled symptoms (reported after 3 weeks of exposure) using McNemar test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, respectively. Results: Paired t-test revealed a statistically significant increase in HR and fall in SpO2 with rise in altitude from ground level to 22000 feet. The three most common symptoms consistently observed were lightheadedness, thinking slow, and warm feeling. The common hypoxic symptoms and their severity scores reported at 22,000 feet compared with recalled counterpart during subsequent exposures did not reveal any significant differences (P > 0.05). Conclusion: There was a high degree of similarity in the frequency and severity score of symptoms between acute exposure to hypobaric hypoxia and recall indicating evidence of repeatability of symptoms across the three sessions of hypoxia exposure within the individuals. This brings out the usefulness of “hypoxia signature” as a tool for hypoxia recognition and its application in hypoxia indoctrination and training for aircrew.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypoxia signature: A useful tool for hypoxia recognition among aircrew

Kasture

Nataraja

et al. 2021

IJASM

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“…These are indeed very hostile conditions for human life. A good overview of the effects of hypoxia, dysbarism, embolism, anoxia, ebullism, and other high-altitude aeromedical factors of the human organism can be found in a number of papers dealing with aviation and space medicine [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

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confidence: 99%

Aircraft Decompression with Installed Cockpit Security Door

Daidzic

Simones

2010

Journal of Aircraft

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A zero-dimensional model of cockpit and cabin decompression with cockpit security door is presented. The hinged panels in the security door were modeled to account for the pressure-equalization dynamics in the case of cockpit decompression. A comprehensive isentropic and isothermal theoretical analysis is presented with many closed-form and asymptotic solutions. New analytical estimates for the total decompression time and the pressure half-time were derived. The simulations for typical corporate and large-transport-category airplanes with different cabin geometries, discharge coefficients, rupture cross-sectional areas, pressure altitudes, and cabin altitudes have been obtained. The case in which the cockpit depressurizes first and its effect on the cabin decompression and on the security door integrity has been extensively studied. The recently required cockpit doors may be hazardous for flight crew in the case cockpit depressurizes first and other venting and blowout panels malfunction or are too slow to respond. The resulting pressure differential between the cockpit and the cabin can create instantaneous forces in excess of 80 kN on the cockpit security door. In addition, this puts the crew in danger due to explosive decompression on the time scale of 100 ms and increases the possibility of the security door being blown out of the frame.

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Examining Hypoxia: A Survey of Pilots' Experiences and Perspectives on Altitude Training

Cited by 2 publications

References 5 publications

Hypoxia signature: A useful tool for hypoxia recognition among aircrew

Hypoxia signature: A useful tool for hypoxia recognition among aircrew

Aircraft Decompression with Installed Cockpit Security Door

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