Examining injury risk and pain perception in runners using minimalist footwear

Ryan, Michael; Elashi, Maha; Newsham-West, Richard; Taunton, Jack

doi:10.1136/bjsports-2012-092061

Cited by 96 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…16 If minimalist shoes do not affect running gait at the fast running speeds that are common to race distances that feature minimalist shoes, runners could be risking injury for no benefit. 10,11 Therefore, the primary purpose of our study was to determine if wearing minimalist shoes instead of conventional shoes caused runners to change foot-strike pattern and joint work at a fast running speed (18 km/h). We hypothesized that more runners would change from a rearfoot foot strike (RF) to a midfoot foot strike (MF) or forefoot foot strike (FF) when running in minimalist shoes compared with conventional shoes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Redistribution of Mechanical Work at the Knee and Ankle Joints During Fast Running in Minimalist Shoes

Fuller

Buckley

Tsiros

et al. 2016

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: Minimalist shoes have been suggested as a way to alter running biomechanics to improve running performance and reduce injuries. However, to date, researchers have only considered the effect of minimalist shoes at slow running speeds.Objective: To determine if runners change foot-strike pattern and alter the distribution of mechanical work at the knee and ankle joints when running at a fast speed in minimalist shoes compared with conventional running shoes.Design: Crossover study. Setting: Research laboratory.Patients or Other Participants: Twenty-six trained runners (age ¼ 30.0 6 7.9 years [age range, 18À40 years], height ¼ 1.79 6 0.06 m, mass ¼ 75.3 6 8.2 kg, weekly training distance ¼ 27 6 15 km) who ran with a habitual rearfoot foot-strike pattern and had no experience running in minimalist shoes.Intervention(s): Participants completed overground running trials at 18 km/h in minimalist and conventional shoes.Main Outcome Measure(s): Sagittal-plane kinematics and joint work at the knee and ankle joints were computed using 3-dimensional kinematic and ground reaction force data. Footstrike pattern was classified as rearfoot, midfoot, or forefoot strike based on strike index and ankle angle at initial contact.Results Conclusions: Running in minimalist shoes at a fast speed caused a redistribution of work from the knee to the ankle joint. This finding suggests that runners changing from conventional to minimalist shoes for short-distance races could be at an increased risk of ankle and calf injuries but a reduced risk of knee injuries.

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confidence: 99%

Redistribution of Mechanical Work at the Knee and Ankle Joints During Fast Running in Minimalist Shoes

Fuller

Buckley

Tsiros

et al. 2016

Journal of Athletic Training

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“…Instead, the smaller improvement in our study could be due to the lower total exposure to minimalist shoes (3.5 hours) compared to previous studies (5 hours). 7 Several different methods for transitioning to minimalist shoes have been described in the literature 7,25,26 but there is currently no clinical standard. Increased lower limb pain and injury risk has been reported for runners transitioning to more than 50% of weekly running in minimalist shoes over 12 weeks 26 and increased bone marrow edema has been reported in runners who do not following a prescribed introduction to minimalist shoes during 10 weeks of running.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Six-week transition to minimalist shoes improves running economy and time-trial performance

Fuller

Thewlis

Tsiros

et al. 2017

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, lighter weight, minimal shoes are related to increased risk of injury in runner (Salzler et al 2012b;Ryan et al 2013). Specifically, Ryan et al (Ryan et al 2013) reported on 99 recreational runner training for a 10 km event. Upon completion of the training, those runners training in the traditional "neutral" shoe reported the fewest amount of injuries compared with the partial minimalist and minimalist shoe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical spring technology improves running economy in endurance runners

Riess¹

2014

jhse

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Riess, K.J. (2014). Mechanical spring technology improves running economy in endurance runners. J. Hum. Sport Exerc., 9(4), pp.782-789. In recent years there has been an increase in participation in timed running events. With this increase, the motivation for individuals to run their best has motivated the running shoe industry to make design changes to traditional running foot wear in an effort to improve running economy (RE) and decrease running times. One such design change has been to incorporate mechanical springs (MS) into the midsole of the running shoe. Evaluation of this technology has yet to be performed. This study recruited 17 runners (12 male) and had them run at a submaximal steady state speed for 2 bouts of five minutes at a speed of 3.13 m·sec -1 . The order of shoe condition was randomly assigned and the subjects ran one interval in their own running shoe (OS) and one interval in MS shoes. Metabolic data and heart rate data were averaged over the last three of the five minute efforts. No significant difference was found between MS and OS with regards to shoe weight. Running in MS resulted in lower, non-significant values for steady state ventilation and steady state heart rate. Oxygen consumption was significantly lower in MS compared to OS in both absolute (MS: 2.35 ± 0.47 L·min -1 vs. OS: 2.40 ± 0.473 L·min -1 , P=0.022) and relative (MS: 34.67 ± 4.35 ml·kg -1 ·min -1 vs. OS: 35.34 ± 4.58 ml·kg -1 ·min -1 , P=0.033) terms. Running in shoes fitted with MS technology improves running economy over OS and this technology may assist athletes achieve their best running times.

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Examining injury risk and pain perception in runners using minimalist footwear

Cited by 96 publications

References 25 publications

Redistribution of Mechanical Work at the Knee and Ankle Joints During Fast Running in Minimalist Shoes

Redistribution of Mechanical Work at the Knee and Ankle Joints During Fast Running in Minimalist Shoes

Six-week transition to minimalist shoes improves running economy and time-trial performance

Mechanical spring technology improves running economy in endurance runners

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