“…Interpreting images, objects, graphical representations, or actions is essentially a sense-making process where receivers construct meaning out ‘of anything visual, from paintings or drawings to sophisticated graphs and digitally created animations’ (Villamizar, 2018, p. 8) by identifying important information through an analysis of both present and omitted elements in an image (Hattwig et al, 2013), positioning visuals in their social, cultural and historical context, distinguishing their aesthetic and technical aspects, gauging accompanying textual information and validating this interpretation through dialogue with others (American Library Association, 2011). VL also entails evaluating the impact of visuals on audiences and the skills to discuss the underlying reasons behind the making of images (Villamizar, 2018), assess the accuracy and reliability of image sources, recognise persuasive techniques and their effect on image interpretation (American Library Association, 2011), and resist misinformation and manipulation by raising awareness of individuals’ ‘roles as cultural consumers’ (Blummer, 2015, p. 12).…”