“…There are several studies in the related literature aiming at measuring the level of technological pedagogical content knowledge of pre-or in-service teachers and examining the relationship between those levels and various variables (Akgün, 2013;Çoklar & Özbek, 2017;Çuhadar, Bülbül, & Ilgaz, 2013;Erdemir et al, 2009;Ersoy, Kabakçı Yurdakul, & Ceylan, 2016;Hacıömeroğlu, Şahin, & Arcagök, 2014;Kabakci Yurdakul & Coklar, 2014;Kabakçı Yurdakul, 2011Kabakci Yurdakul, Odabasi, Kilicer, Coklar, Birinci, & Kurt, 2012;Karakaya & Avgin, 2016;Karalar & Altan, 2016;Kiray, 2016;Kul, Aksu, & Birisci, 2019;Lau, 2019;Roussinos & Jimoyiannis, 2019;Şimşek, Demir, Bağçeci, & Kınay, 2013;Valtonen et al, 2019). In their study conducted with 325 pre-service teacher to determine their self confidence levels regarding technology use in education, Erdemir et al (2009) reported that the pre-service teachers did not consider themselves adequate in computer and internet use for educational purposes and prepare complex multipurpose teaching materials but to search for information and prepare simple materials.…”