“…That is, in an era that some consider "post-racial," it is clear that social science can better illuminate how situational and contextual factors, in addition to race, enhance the perceived association between African-Americans and crime. Extensive sociological research has already explored how a general fear of crime often explains support for policies that disproportionately impact Black communities (e.g., Baker, Metcalfe, Berenblum, Aviv, & Gertz, 2015;Unnever & Cullen, 2010;Unnever, Cullen, & Jones, 2008), suggesting that racial disparities in criminal justice outcomes are allowed to occur because race is no longer perceived to be the explicit and direct cause of punishment (e.g., Alexander, 2010;Lopez, 2014). Others have similarly suggested that attitudes about poverty are being used to justify racially discriminatory policies (e.g., Costelloe, Chiricos, & Gertz, 2009;Hogan, Chiricos, & Gertz, 2005).…”