Examining Reasoning Skill Differences Between Expert and Novice Counselors

Hillerbrand, Eric; Claiborn, Charles D.

doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1990.tb01437.x

Cited by 51 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Eells, Lombart, Kendjelic, Turner, & Lucas, 2005;Hillerbrand & Claiborn, 1990) instead of more authentic assessment tasks, as used in the current study where we engaged an actor to portray a client. This is a major advantage of our study, since the use of more authentic, ecologically valid assessment situations can contribute to identifying and understanding diagnostic processes in actual practice.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychologists’ Diagnostic Processes during a Diagnostic Interview

Groenier¹,

Beerthuis²,

Pieters³

et al. 2011

PSYCH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In mental health care, psychologists assess clients' complaints, analyze underlying problems, and identify causes for these problems, to make treatment decisions. We present a study on psychologists' diagnostic processes, in which a mixed-method approach was employed. We aimed to identify a common structure in the diagnostic processes of different psychologists. We engaged an actor to simulate a client. Participants were asked to perform a diagnostic interview with this "client". This interview was videotaped. Afterwards participants first wrote a report and then were asked to review their considerations during the interview. We found that psychologists were comprehensive in their diagnostic interviews. They addressed the client's complaints, possible classifications, explanations, and treatments. They agreed about the classifications, more than about causal factors and treatment options. The content of the considerations differed between the interviews and the reports written afterwards. We conclude that psychologists continuously shifted between diagnostic activities and revised their decisions in line with the dynamics of the interview situation. Keywords: Clinical Decision Making, Diagnostic Interview, Stimulated Recall, Simulated Patient IntroductionPsychological assessment is a diagnostic decision making process aimed at describing, classifying, explaining, predicting, and often also changing the behavior of a client (Fernández-Ballesteros, 1999). The result of the diagnostic process is an integrated representation of a client's complaints and problems together with an explanation for the problems and a treatment proposal (Nelson-Gray, 2003). Guidelines have been developed to support psychologists in structured gathering and interpreting diagnostic information (see e.g. Groth-Marnat, 2003;Nezu & Nezu, 1995) to make sure that a thorough assessment is carried out and correct diagnostic decisions are made to reach the most adequate treatment proposal. Unfortunately, as Garb (1998) concluded, reliability and validity of these diagnostic decisions are low, although the final treatment proposals are often adequate. An explanation is provided in studies showing that psychologists do not always carry out all parts of the diagnostic process appropriately, even when explicitly asked to do so (Eells, Kendjelic, & Lucas, 1998;Groenier, Pieters, Hulshof, Wilhelm, & Witteman, 2008). In most of these studies assessment situations were artificial, and it remains unclear whether psychologists in actual practice would perform and report all parts of the diagnostic process. The current study is aimed at identifying common structures in psychologists' diagnostic information gathering processes in an authentic assessment situation.The diagnostic process involves using different instruments, such as tests, interviews, and observations, as well as performing different diagnostic activities, such as diagnostic classification and diagnostic formulation (Fernández-Ballesteros et al., 2001). Diagnostic classification and diagnostic ...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychologists’ Diagnostic Processes during a Diagnostic Interview

Groenier¹,

Beerthuis²,

Pieters³

et al. 2011

PSYCH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A inconsistência da investigação poderá ser explicada pelas limitações metodológicas subjacentes aos estudos supracitados. Hillerbrand e Claiborn (1990) …”

unclassified

Ser e tornar-se Psicoterapeuta parte II: diálogo entre mudanças pessoais e profissionais

Carvalho

Matos

2011

Psicol. cienc. prof.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Assiste-se, nos últimos anos, na investigação, a um crescente interesse pelo estudo do desenvolvimento profissional do psicoterapeuta. O estudo das características de psicoterapeutas considerados experts representa um importante contributo nesse domínio. O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar as narrativas de 20 psicoterapeutas experts (peritos) de diferentes orientações teóricas (cognitivocomportamental, construtivista, humanista, psicanalítica e sistémica) sobre o seu desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional no decurso da prática clínica. Na análise, emergiram dois grandes temas. No presente artigo, serão apresentados os resultados do segundo tema analisado e as etapas e mudanças do desenvolvimento do psicoterapeuta organizado em dois subtemas, a saber, (a) etapas e mudanças no desenvolvimento do psicoterapeuta no domínio profissional e (b) etapas e mudanças no desenvolvimento do psicoterapeuta no domínio pessoal. Os resultados sublinham a necessidade de se considerar as mudanças ocorridas no domínio pessoal e profissional quando do estudo do desenvolvimento integral do psicoterapeuta.

show abstract

“…In this study, psychologists performed the diagnostic process in an authentic diagnostic situation. Most studies have used written case descriptions (such as the study described in chapters 2 and 3 of this thesis; but see also Eells, Lombart, Kendjelic, Turner, & Lucas, 2005;Hillerbrand & Claiborn, 1990) instead of more authentic assessment tasks. The use of written case descriptions creates an artificial situation because the task is often self-paced and complete case descriptions are available.…”

Section: Outline Of This Thesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As experience increases, they approach the psychodiagnostic process in a more flexible way, based on the clinical knowledge they have acquired in practice (Brammer, 1997;Bus & Kruizenga, 1989;Hillerbrand & Claiborn, 1990). Bus and Kruizenga (1989) showed that diagnosing a client becomes a routine process.…”

Section: Outline Of This Thesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This finding was confirmed by research by Witteman and Koele (1999), who found that there was no relation between the psychologists' arguments and the treatment proposals. Hillerbrand and Claiborn (1990) claimed that this routine process of psychologists is based on their knowledge organization. They argued that the psychologists' organization of their knowledge base changes through clinical knowledge they acquire in practice, which would result in clearer and more accurate problem representations.…”

Section: Outline Of This Thesismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The decisive moment : makiing diagnostic decisions and designing treatments

Groenier¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Examining Reasoning Skill Differences Between Expert and Novice Counselors

Cited by 51 publications

References 14 publications

Psychologists’ Diagnostic Processes during a Diagnostic Interview

Psychologists’ Diagnostic Processes during a Diagnostic Interview

Ser e tornar-se Psicoterapeuta parte II: diálogo entre mudanças pessoais e profissionais

The decisive moment : makiing diagnostic decisions and designing treatments

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About