Examining relationships among student perception of social support, school belonging, relatedness, and effort in Muslim majority communities

Abstract

Past research has indicated that student effort, which is a predictor of student success in academics, is associated with perceptions of relatedness, school belonging, and social support. In this study we examined the association among these variables using a cross-sectional sample of 12,666 school and university students from thirteen countries/regions . Our regression models explained as much as 27% of the total variation in effort. We also found evidence of a mediating role of school belonging in the relationship between social support and effort. Implications are discussed.