“…There is a widespread consensus in the engagement literature on the operationalization of the triple model of engagement that encompasses emotional, cognitive, and behavioral dimensions (Abdelhalim, 2017;Fredricks, & McColskey, 2012;Shernoff, 2013). Emotional engagement refers to positive affective reactions toward instructors, colleagues, and context and it includes feelings of involvement, belonging, interest, valuing of activities, and appreciation of success (Barber et al, 2016;Lutz et al, 2006). Cognitive engagement refers to exerting mental effort with thoughtful and purposeful usage of learning strategies, self-regulation, and deep thinking to accomplish difficult tasks and it includes persisting with challenging activities, reading more materials, asking questions for clarification of ideas, reviewing previously learned material, and expending energy to comprehend complex concepts (Finn, & Zimmer, 2012;Fredricks, & McColskey, 2012;Lutz et al, 2006).…”