Examining Terrain Effects on the Evolution of Precipitation and Vorticity of Typhoon Fanapi (2010) after Departing the Central Mountain Range on Taiwan

Abstract

Typhoon Fanapi (2010) made landfall in Hualien in Taiwan on 0100 UTC 19 September 2010 and left Taiwan on 1200 UTC 19 September 2010, producing heavy rainfall and floods. Fanapi’s eyewall was disrupted by the Central Mountain Range (CMR) and reorganized after leaving the CMR. High-resolution simulations (nested down to 1-km horizontal grid size) using the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model, one simulation using the full terrain (CTL) and another set of simulations where the terrain on Taiwan was removed, were analyzed. Precipitation areas were classified into different sub-regions by a convective-stratiform separation algorithm to assess the impact of precipitation structure on Fanapi’s eyewall evolution. The percentage of deep convection increased from 9% to 20% when Fanapi underwent an eyewall reorganization process while departing the CMR. In the absence of terrain, moderate convection occupied most of the convective regions during the period when Fanapi moved across Taiwan Island. The low-level total vorticity stretching within the convective, stratiform and weak echo regions in the no-terrain experiment were of similar magnitudes, but the total vorticity stretching within the convective region at low levels was dominant in the CTL experiment. Total vorticity stretching in the region of deep convection increased after eyewall reorganization, and later became stronger than that in the moderate convection region. In the absence of the CMR, total vorticity stretching in moderate convection dominated. The total vorticity stretching within the deep convective region in the CTL experiment played an essential role in the reorganization of Fanapi’s eyewall through a bottom-up process.

Assessment of Typhoon Precipitation Forecasts Based on Topographic Factors

“…After a tropical cyclone creates landfall, the topography of the coastal region affects typhoon precipitation through mechanisms such as the excitation of sub-mesoscale eddies and forced uplift [4]. Significant spatial differences in precipitation occur under the influence of topography, and there is a close link between typhoon precipitation and topographic distribution after landfall [5].…”