2004
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijresmar.2003.05.001
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Examining the animosity model in a country with a high level of foreign trade

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Cited by 304 publications
(393 citation statements)
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“…Published research in this area has also confirmed the impact of animosity for products in general, (Hinck et al, 2004;Huang et al, 2010;Leong et al, 2008;Nakos & Hajidimitriou, 2007;Witkowski, 2000), for specific categories of products (Ettenson & Klein, 2005;Hong & Kang, 2006;Jimenez & Martin, 2010;Klein, 2002;Klein et al,1998;Nijssen & Douglas, 2004;Russell & Russell, 2006;Shimp, Dunn, & Klein, 2004;Shin, 2001;Shoham et al, 2006), and finally for hybrid products with partial shifts in production to animosity targets (Funk et al, 2010). Some studies have tested and established a correlation between the level of animosity and actual product ownership (Klein, 2002;Klein et al, 1998;Shin, 2001).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 84%
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“…Published research in this area has also confirmed the impact of animosity for products in general, (Hinck et al, 2004;Huang et al, 2010;Leong et al, 2008;Nakos & Hajidimitriou, 2007;Witkowski, 2000), for specific categories of products (Ettenson & Klein, 2005;Hong & Kang, 2006;Jimenez & Martin, 2010;Klein, 2002;Klein et al,1998;Nijssen & Douglas, 2004;Russell & Russell, 2006;Shimp, Dunn, & Klein, 2004;Shin, 2001;Shoham et al, 2006), and finally for hybrid products with partial shifts in production to animosity targets (Funk et al, 2010). Some studies have tested and established a correlation between the level of animosity and actual product ownership (Klein, 2002;Klein et al, 1998;Shin, 2001).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 84%
“…The war-based animosity dimension had to do with military occupation (Klein et al, 1998;Nijssen & Douglas, 2004;Shin, 2001), Pearl Harbor (Klein, 2002), civil war in the U.S. (Shimp et al, 2004), animosity toward Germany among Jewish consumers living in the United States (Podoshen & Hunt, 2009) or the second Intifada (Shoman et al, 2006;Guido, Prete, Tedeshi & Dadusc, 2010).The exceptions to war-based and economic-based animosity included current political issues between the U.S. and China (Witkowski, 2000), French nuclear testing in the Pacific (Edwards et al, 2007;Ettenson & Klein, 2005), and undefined historic hostilities between the U.S. and France (Amine, 2008;Russell & Russell, 2006) and between Greece and Turkey (Nakos & Hajidimitriou, 2007).…”
Section: Animosity Background and Construct Domainmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…In fact, Nijssen, and Douglas (2004) questioned the validity of applying the findings from developed countries to smaller, less developed countries. It is not always possible to apply the research output from developed countries, such as the United States to less developed countries, such as Saudi Arabia (Abbas, 2013).…”
Section: Aim Of the Studymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A reduced version of Shimp and Sharma's (1987) CETSCALE was utilized to measure consumer ethnocentrism. This scale has previously been used and validated in various cross-cultural contexts, including in Central and Eastern Europe (e.g., Ettenson & Klein, 2005;Nijssen & Douglas, 2004;Reardon et al, 2005;Russell & Russell, 2006;Steenkamp & Baumgartner, 1998). Respondents were asked about their level of agreement according to a 7-point scale ranging from 1, strongly disagree, to 7, strongly agree, with each of the following statements: 'I always prefer domestic products/brands', 'Foreign products should not be purchased because this harms the domestic economy and causes unemployment', and 'Foreign products/brands should be purchased only when no domestic alternatives are available'.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%