Examining the determinants of renewable energy deployment: Does the choice of indicator matter?

Abstract

Comprehending the determinants of renewable energy (RE) deployment has preoccupied the energy literature as well as policymakers internationally due to countries' overall shift away from fossil fuels in the energy mix.As stated in the literature, empirical studies that analyze the determinants of RE deployment use a number of different indicators for RE. The effect of an ambiguous choice of the proxy might produce various outcomes and thus create inconsistencies in the policy recommendations. This study aims at filling this gap in the literature comparing and contrasting not only the use of RE indicators but also, for robustness purposes, using indicators at aggregate and per capita forms for a global sample, developed countries, and developing countries. For the empirical purpose, this study employs two econometric techniques: the pooled ordinary least squares with robust SEs and the augmented mean group estimator, which account for cross- Highlights• This study uses a number of renewable energy indicators to analyze the determinants of renewable energy deployment.

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