Examining the Differing Effects of Economic Hardship and Poor Maternal Wellbeing on Cumulative Exposure to Adverse Childhood Experiences

Liming, Kiley W.

doi:10.1007/s40653-018-0230-z

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The relationship between the experience of poverty and being in the “Poly adversity” cluster compared with the “Low ACEs” cluster was found to be particularly strong. Previous studies have also shown that people with fewer economic resources tend to report higher ACE scores ( Liming, 2018 ; Metzler et al, 2017 ; Steele et al, 2016 ). Again in line with the Family Stress Model, previous work has shown that the relationship between economic hardship and a high ACE score was mediated by poorer maternal well-being ( Liming, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Previous studies have also shown that people with fewer economic resources tend to report higher ACE scores (Liming, 2018;Metzler et al, 2017;Steele et al, 2016). Again in line with the Family Stress Model, previous work has shown that the relationship between economic hardship and a high ACE score was mediated by poorer maternal well-being (Liming, 2018). We ran a sensitivity analysis to compare the association between poverty and "Poly adversity" with that between poverty and an ACE score of 4+, taking the approach of hundreds of previous studies that have instead used the ACE score approach.…”

Section: Rq2: Does the Clustering Of Adversities Differ For Males Andmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Indeed, the Family Stress Model illustrates how poverty has the potential to place strain on family relationships, potentially resulting in poor parental mental health and interparental conflict ( Conger et al, 1992 ). Recent work showed that economic hardship was strongly related to ACE scores and this was mediated via poor maternal well-being ( Liming, 2018 ). However, no studies have considered the role of poverty in predicting the clustering of childhood adversities—a focus of the present study.…”

Section: Poverty and Acesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Clustering of Adverse Childhood Experiences in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children: Are Gender and Poverty Important?

Lacey

Howe

Kelly-Irving

et al. 2020

J Interpers Violence

102

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Previous research has demonstrated a graded relationship between the number of Adverse Childhood Experiences reported (an ACE score) and child outcomes. However, ACE scores lack specificity and ignore the patterning of adversities, which are informative for interventions. The aim of the present study was to explore the clustering of ACEs and whether this clustering differs by gender or is predicted by poverty. Data on 8,572 participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) were used. ALSPAC is a regionally representative prenatal cohort of children born between 1991 and 1992 in the Avon region of South-West England. ACEs included parental divorce, death of a close family member, interparental violence, parental mental health problems, parental alcohol misuse, parental drug use, parental convictions, and sexual, emotional, and physical abuse, between birth and 19 years. Latent class analysis was used to derive ACE clusters and associations between poverty, gender, and the derived classes tested using multinomial logistic regression. Five latent classes were identified: “Low ACEs” (55%), “Parental separation and mother’s mental health problems” (18%), “Parental mental health problems, convictions and separation” (15%), “Abuse and mental health problems” (6%), and “Poly adversity” (6%). Death of a close family member and sexual abuse did not cluster with other adversities. The clustering did not differ by gender. Poverty was strongly related to both individual ACEs and clusters. These findings demonstrate that ACEs cluster in specific patterns and that poverty is strongly related to this. Therefore, reducing child poverty might be one strategy for reducing ACEs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Rq2: Does the Clustering Of Adversities Differ For Males Andmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Poverty and Acesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Clustering of Adverse Childhood Experiences in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children: Are Gender and Poverty Important?

Lacey

Howe

Kelly-Irving

et al. 2020

J Interpers Violence

102

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…If ACEs can be the result of treatable neurodevelopmental problems such as ADHD then the burden of ACEs could potentially be reduced in the population by better supporting families whose children have these difficulties. Similarly, family economic circumstances are an important determinant of ACEs (Liming, ) and a focus on alleviating child poverty might be another mechanism for reducing ACE prevalence in the population. ACE awareness initiatives often have a narrow focus on individual/family level causes of ACEs but little focus on these societal level factors (Fond, Haydon, & Kendall‐Taylor, ).…”

Section: Application Of Aces Research To Clinical Work Public Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

Practitioner Review: Twenty years of research with adverse childhood experience scores – Advantages, disadvantages and applications to practice

Lacey

Minnis

2019

Child Psychology Psychiatry

274

220

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Background: Adverse childhood experience (ACE) scores have become a common approach for considering childhood adversities and are highly influential in public policy and clinical practice. Their use is also controversial. Other ways of measuring adversity -examining single adversities, or using theoretically or empirically driven methods -might have advantages over ACE scores. Methods: In this narrative review we critique the conceptualisation and measurement of ACEs in research, clinical practice, public health and public discourse. Results: The ACE score approach has the advantagesand limitationsof simplicity: its simplicity facilitates wide-ranging applications in public policy, public health and clinical settings but risks over-simplistic communication of risk/causality, determinism and stigma. The other common approachfocussing on single adversities -is also limited because adversities tend to co-occur. Researchers are using rapidly accruing datasets on ACEs to facilitate new theoretical and empirical approaches but this work is at an early stage, e.g. weighting ACEs and including severity, frequency, duration and timing. More research is needed to establish what should be included as an ACE, how individual ACEs should be weighted, how ACEs cluster, and the implications of these findings for clinical work and policy. New ways of conceptualising and measuring ACEs that incorporate this new knowledge, while maintaining some of the simplicity of the current ACE questionnaire, could be helpful for clinicians, practitioners, patients and the public. Conclusions: Although we welcome the current focus on ACEs, a more critical view of their conceptualisation, measurement, and application to practice settings is urgently needed. Researchers need to be clearer about their definitions of adversitywhat constitutes an adversity and what does not?Researchers should consider including additional ACEs other than the 10 frequently investigated ACEs from the Kaiser Permanente Study and justify these clearly.Researchers should explore the different ways in which ACEs tend to cluster cluster and, individually and together, predict outcomes Longitudinal studies are required, particularly those which are able to consider the co-occurrence, timing, frequency, duration and severity of ACEs, and which have high quality prospective ACEs data. Key practitioner messagesTwenty years of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) research has shown a graded relationship between the number of adversities (ACE score) and health and other outcomes in many different populations, with important implications about the potential impact of ACEs in clinical practice, public policy and public health initiatives.

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“…Although previous research has shown that ACE exposure was linked to poorer HRQOL [ 21 ], little is known about the intergenerational associations of maternal ACEs with their children’s HRQOL. Mothers with ACE exposure were at higher risk of poorer health, which might lead to their children’s increased ACE exposure [ 22 ]. The vicious cycle of ACEs could further cause behavioral problems and poor physical health outcomes in early childhood [ 23 ], subsequently contributing to impaired HRQOL in children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal adverse childhood experiences and health-related quality of life in preschool children: a cross-sectional study

Chen

Lin

et al. 2023

Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health

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Background The intergenerational association between maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and their children’s health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is underexplored. This study aimed to examine such association in Chinese preschool children and to test the moderation role of children’s sex. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 4243 mother–child dyads who attended randomly selected preschools. Mothers self-reported their experience of 12 forms of ACEs, including emotional abuse, physical abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect, intimate partner violence, substance abuse in the household, incarcerated household member, mental illness in household, parental death, parental separation or divorce, bullying, and community violence. Children’s HRQOL was evaluated through mother report of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory version 4.0. Linear regression models were established to estimate the associations between maternal ACEs and their children’s HRQOL sub-scores and total scores. Stratified analysis and test for interaction were further conducted to evaluate whether the associations were moderated by children’s sex. Results Of the included mothers, 85.8% (n = 3641) had reported exposure to at least one ACE, and 22.3% (n = 948) were exposed to three or more ACEs. Compared to children of mothers without any ACE exposure, those of mothers with 1, 2, or ≥ 3 ACEs all had significantly lower scores of physical, social, and school functioning, as well as lower psychosocial health summary score and total scale score in both crude and adjusted models. However, only children of mothers with two or more ACEs had significantly poorer emotional functioning when compared to their counterparts whose mothers had no ACE exposure. A significant dose-response pattern was also observed between the number of maternal ACEs and children’s HRQOL sub-scores and total scores. Stratified analysis revealed sex-specific pattern between maternal ACEs and their children’s HRQOL. Nonetheless, children’s sex was not a significant moderator. Conclusions Our study showed that preschool children of mothers who had any experience of ACEs were at risk of poorer HRQOL. Our findings indicated that screening maternal ACEs in young children and promoting targeted interventions might be a feasible way to mitigate or stop the potential negative intergenerational health and wellbeing implications of ACEs.

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Examining the Differing Effects of Economic Hardship and Poor Maternal Wellbeing on Cumulative Exposure to Adverse Childhood Experiences

Cited by 18 publications

References 48 publications

The Clustering of Adverse Childhood Experiences in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children: Are Gender and Poverty Important?

The Clustering of Adverse Childhood Experiences in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children: Are Gender and Poverty Important?

Practitioner Review: Twenty years of research with adverse childhood experience scores – Advantages, disadvantages and applications to practice

Maternal adverse childhood experiences and health-related quality of life in preschool children: a cross-sectional study

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