Examining the Dynamic, Bidirectional Associations Between Cognitive and Physical Functioning in Older Adults

Krall, Jenna R.; Carlson, Michelle C.; Fried, Linda P.; Qin, Xue

doi:10.1093/aje/kwu198

Cited by 49 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In all cases, the relationship between subjective memory ratings and objective cognitive performance represented a mutual influence of the two constructs on each other, with regard to sequential change over time. This study adds to a growing literature indicating that bidirectional influences are important in cognitive aging, including such paired constructs as cognition - activity level (Mousavi-Nasab, Kormi-Nouri, & Nilsson, 2014; Small et al, 2012; Wilson, Segawa, Boyle, & Bennett, 2012), cognition - physical functioning (Krall, Carlson, Fried, & Xue, 2014) and cognition - sense of well-being (Allerhand, Gale, & Deary, 2014). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Do Subjective Memory Complaints Lead or Follow Objective Cognitive Change? A Five-Year Population Study of Temporal Influence

Snitz

Small

Wang

et al. 2015

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Objective The relationship between subjective memory complaints (SM) and objective memory (OM) performance in aging has been variably characterized in a substantial literature, to date. In particular, cross-sectional studies often observe weak or no associations. We investigated whether subjective memory complaints and objectively measured cognition influence each other over time, and if so, which is the stronger pathway of change – objective to subjective, or subjective to objective – or whether they are both important. Method Using bivariate latent change score modeling in data from a population study (N=1980) over 5 annual assessment cycles, we tested 4 corresponding hypotheses: 1) no coupling between SM and OM over time; 2) SM as leading indicator of change in OM; 3) OM as leading indicator of change in SM; 4) dual coupling over time, with both SM and OM leading subsequent change in the other. We also extended objective cognition to two other domains, language and executive functions. Results The dual-coupling models best fit the data for all three objective cognitive domains. The SM – OM temporal dynamics differ qualitatively compared to other domains, potentially reflecting changes in insight and self-awareness specific to memory impairment. Conclusions Subjective memory and objective cognition reciprocally influence each other over time. The temporal dynamics between subjective and objective cognition in aging are nuanced, and must be carefully disentangled to shed light on the underlying processes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Do Subjective Memory Complaints Lead or Follow Objective Cognitive Change? A Five-Year Population Study of Temporal Influence

Snitz

Small

Wang

et al. 2015

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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“…At advanced ages, inflammation underlies a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes; thus, further studies investigating the source of upregulated TNF-alpha in dementia are warranted. Associations of physical and cognitive function have long been reported (Binder et al 1999;Rosano et al 2005), and recent research suggests its association to be bidirectional (Krall et al 2014). In our study, all indicators of physical function, including ADL, IADL, and grip strength, were positively associated with both the cognitive function at baseline and decelerated cognitive decline over the 3-year follow-up even after adjusting for potential confounders, signifying the role of physical function in the preservation of cognition in late life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotid atherosclerosis, cytomegalovirus infection, and cognitive decline in the very old: a community-based prospective cohort study

Kawasaki

Arai

Takayama

et al. 2016

AGE

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To investigate various risk factors of cognitive decline in the very old, we studied 494 subjects over 85 years old without diagnosis of dementia at baseline from the Tokyo Oldest Old Survey on Total Health, an ongoing, community-based cohort in Japan. Cognitive function was assessed at baseline and at 3-year followup using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Plasma samples were assayed for levels of cytomegalovirus (CMV) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and blood chemistry. Carotid artery plaques were measured using an ultrasonography. In the cross-sectional analyses using Tobit regression, individuals with high carotid artery plaque score (≥5.0) had MMSE scores that were 1.08 points lower compared to those with no plaque (95 % confidence interval (CI) −1.95 to −0.20; p = 0.016), adjusted for age, sex, and education. Individuals with CMV IgG titers in the highest quartile had MMSE scores that were 1.47 points lower compared to individuals in the lowest quartile (95 % CI −2.44 to −0.50; p = 0.003). CMV and carotid atherosclerosis showed evidence of an interaction, where the association between CMVand MMSE was present only in subjects with carotid artery plaque. In the longitudinal analyses using linear regression, carotid atherosclerosis, smoking, low grip strength, and poor activities of daily living (ADL) status were associated with faster cognitive decline, adjusted for age, sex, education, and baseline cognitive function. Our findings suggest that carotid atherosclerosis is consistently associated with low cognitive function in the very old and modifies the association between latent CMV infection and cognition.

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“…Several longitudinal studies have shown that a poor baseline cognitive function is related to a decline in mobility over time . Some of these studies have also shown that the risk of the incidence of poor physical performance can be predicted using baseline cognitive function .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of these studies have also shown that the risk of the incidence of poor physical performance can be predicted using baseline cognitive function . However, the relationship between global cognition at baseline and subsequent physical performance has been inconsistent . Some researchers have reported that baseline global cognition was associated with a decline in mobility .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global cognition predicts the incidence of poor physical performance among older adults: A cross‐national study

Dansereau

Hunter

Gómez

et al. 2020

Geriatrics Gerontology Int

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Aim The relationship between physical performance and cognition is well established. However, findings on the relationship between global cognition and the incidence of functional disability has been inconsistent. Using data from the International Mobility in Aging Study, we investigated the relationship between baseline cognitive function and the incidence of poor physical performance 2 years later. Methods A total of 1071 community‐dwelling participants (aged 64–75 years) from four sites in Canada and Latin America, with a Short Physical Performance Battery score ≥9 at baseline (good performance) were included. We carried out two sets of analyses, measuring cognition with either the Leganés Cognitive Test or the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. We used three logistic regression models, controlling for either no confounders, sociodemographic confounders or sociodemographic and health confounders. The full model was also stratified by site. A score <9 on the Short Physical Performance Battery indicated poor physical performance. Results In the fully adjusted model, each 1‐point increase in the baseline Leganés Cognitive Test score (range 0–32) was associated with a 10% decrease in the odds of incidence of poor physical performance at the 2‐year follow‐up (P = 0.019). Likewise, each 1‐point increase in the baseline Montreal Cognitive Assessment score (range 0–30) was associated with a 16% decrease in the odds of developing poor physical performance (P = 0.005). When stratified by site, the results were significant at the Latin American sites (P = 0.02), but not at the Canadian sites (P = 0.08). Conclusions Poor baseline cognition is associated with the incidence of poor physical performance in community‐dwelling older adults. To prevent physical disability, interventions addressing both cognitive and physical performance are required. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; ••: ••–••.

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Examining the Dynamic, Bidirectional Associations Between Cognitive and Physical Functioning in Older Adults

Cited by 49 publications

References 46 publications

Do Subjective Memory Complaints Lead or Follow Objective Cognitive Change? A Five-Year Population Study of Temporal Influence

Do Subjective Memory Complaints Lead or Follow Objective Cognitive Change? A Five-Year Population Study of Temporal Influence

Carotid atherosclerosis, cytomegalovirus infection, and cognitive decline in the very old: a community-based prospective cohort study

Global cognition predicts the incidence of poor physical performance among older adults: A cross‐national study

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