Examining the Effects of Family and Community Violence on African American Adolescents: The Roles of Violence Type and Relationship Proximity to Violence

Sargent, Elizabeth; Zahniser, Evan; Gaylord‐Harden, Noni K.; Morency, Mirinda M.; Jenkins, Esther J.

doi:10.1177/0272431619858397

Cited by 26 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The literature supports the fact that this is particularly true for African Americans who have historically sought solace from oppression in their religion and spirituality long before clinical counselors and psychologists (Banerjee & Canda, 2009;Cunningham et al, 2018;Johnson et al, 2015;Jones et al, 2018;K. Hays & Aranda, 2016;Robinson et al, 2018;Sargent et al, 2019). The first African American churches were often kept secret, and slaves attended church meetings held at the church under a watchful eye of the overseer, or with the permission of slave masters on plantations by approved pastors (Johnson, Elbert-Avila, & Tulsky, 2015).…”

Section: There Are Historical Connections Of Religion and Spirituality For The African American Populationmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Other researchers have also found that aggregate adapting and thinking about others and covering of feelings were normal (Chandler, 2020;K. Hays & Lincoln, 2017;Jones et al, 2018;Morrison & Hopkins, 2019;Park et al, 2018;Robinson et al, 2018;Sargent et al, 2019).…”

Section: The Use Of Religion and Spirituality Is A Means Of Coping And Resilience By African Americansmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…One's spiritual or religious beliefs are commonly viewed worldwide; at least 90% of the United States' population reports being involved in some form of spiritual or religious practice (Sargent et al, 2019). Repeated studies on counselor self-perceived competence in addressing spirituality and religion in session yielded an overall consensus of inadequacy and feelings of a lack of preparation in their education programs (Sargent et al, 2019).…”

Section: The Importance Of Spiritual and Cultural Competency On The Mental Health Counseling And Education Profession Existsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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African American Spirituality, Grief & Mental Health: Seeking the Church After a Family Member’s Violent Death

Chandler¹

2020

Scha

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The findings in this paper reveals and summarizes the described experience of African American adults who have sought the church for support, versus traditional mental health resources, after the violent death of a family member. The research sought to close the gap in the literature on the mental health help-seeking disparities of African American adults, in general, and confirm the importance of mental health clinicians in seeking resolutions and a deeper understanding and higher levels of cultural and spiritual competency into the mental health treatments of the African American adult population. Through a generic qualitative design and the theoretical lens of Pargament's theory of religious coping, the research question, "What are the described experiences of African American adults who seek the church after the violent death of a family member?" was answered. Ten African American adults were interviewed. Four specific themes after a thematic analysis were: (a) guidance in grief; (b) a resource for trust and relationships; (c) relationships for wisdom, direction, and support; and (d) cultural and familial traditions.

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Section: There Are Historical Connections Of Religion and Spirituality For The African American Populationmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: The Use Of Religion and Spirituality Is A Means Of Coping And Resilience By African Americansmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: The Importance Of Spiritual and Cultural Competency On The Mental Health Counseling And Education Profession Existsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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African American Spirituality, Grief & Mental Health: Seeking the Church After a Family Member’s Violent Death

Chandler¹

2020

Scha

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“…These "pair of ACEs" (Ellis and Dietz 2017), combine to act as traumas or "toxic stressors" across one's lifecoursefrom in utero to adulthoodthat adversely impact brain development, decisionmaking, impulse control, and generally wear away at the body's immune system and vital organs (McEwen and McEwen 2017). These pair of ACEs can also cause the brain and body to interpret normal circumstances as dangerous, leading many researchers and practitioners to emphasize the need for healing-centered strategies that explicitly address trauma as a critical aspect of urban gun violence reduction (Ginwright 2018;Hardy 2013;Leitch 2017;Norris 2020;Sargent et al 2020).…”

Section: What Makes Advance Peace Unique In Urban Public Safety?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban safety, community healing & gun violence reduction: the advance peace model

Corburn

Boggan²,

Muttaqi³

2021

Urban Transform

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Cities around the world continue to grapple with safety, security and the role for law enforcement in reducing gun crime. Recent calls for alternatives to militarized policing in cities and addressing racism in urban crime policies and practices gives new urgency to explore community-led strategies. Advance Peace is a program that aims to reduce urban gun violence using formerly incarcerated community members as street outreach mentors and violence interrupters. Yet, few urban policy makers know of Advance Peace and how it is distinct from other community-based urban gun violence interruption programs, often called focused deterrence. In this paper, we describe the innovative approach used by Advance Peace, what distinguishes it from other municipal gun violence reduction strategies, and examine the elements of its unique, public health informed program called the Peacemaker Fellowship®. The Peacemaker Fellowship enrolls the small number of the most violent and hard to reach members of a community at the center of gun violence in an intensive 18-month program of trauma-informed, healing-centered, anti-racist mentorship, education, social services, and life opportunities. We suggest that cities around the world seeking transformations in their approach to public safety, including addressing structural racism and centering community expertise, explore the unique features of the Advance Peace approach.

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“…The same study found that knowing the victim did not differentiate among aggressive symptoms. However, a recent study of 403 African American adolescents found that violence directed at friends or family members was associated with higher anxiety, but not PTSD symptoms (Sargent, Zahniser, Gaylord‐Harden, Morency, & Jenkins, ). In a national cross‐sectional sample of 3,614 adolescents, having a personal relationship with the victim of witnessed violence was not associated with higher delinquency symptoms compared to a stranger perpetrator (Zinzow et al, ).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of relationship proximity to witnessed community violence and youth outcomes

Elsaesser

Kennedy

Tredinnick

2019

Journal Community Psychology

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Aims This study examines whether the relational proximity to the victim or perpetrator of witnessed community violence is associated with youth symptoms. Methods Data come from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect, a national high‐risk sample. The sample included 12‐year‐old youth (N = 720) who had witnessed violence in their lifetimes. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions tested whether relationship proximity differentiated youth functioning (social competency, withdrawal, anxiety/depression, delinquency, and aggression), and whether gender moderated these effects. Results Witnessing violence toward a parent was associated with greater withdrawal, delinquency, and aggression symptoms. Witnessing violence perpetrated by a stranger was associated with lower social competency, higher anxiety/depression, and higher delinquency. Two perpetrator associations differed by gender. Conclusion Findings suggest important differences in outcomes based on relational proximity to victims and perpetrators. The particularly widespread associations between witnessing violence against a parent and youth functioning underscore the importance of targeting interventions toward youth with parent victims.

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Examining the Effects of Family and Community Violence on African American Adolescents: The Roles of Violence Type and Relationship Proximity to Violence

Cited by 26 publications

References 65 publications

African American Spirituality, Grief & Mental Health: Seeking the Church After a Family Member’s Violent Death

African American Spirituality, Grief & Mental Health: Seeking the Church After a Family Member’s Violent Death

Urban safety, community healing & gun violence reduction: the advance peace model

The role of relationship proximity to witnessed community violence and youth outcomes

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